Viswanathan Vijay, Puvvula Anudeep, Jamthikar Ankush D, Saba Luca, Johri Amer M, Kotsis Vasilios, Khanna Narendra N, Dhanjil Surinder K, Majhail Misha, Misra Durga Prasanna, Agarwal Vikas, Kitas George D, Sharma Aditya M, Kolluri Raghu, Naidu Subbaram, Suri Jasjit S
M Viswanathan Hospital for Diabetes, M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai 600013, India.
Annu's Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes, Nellore 524101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
World J Diabetes. 2021 Mar 15;12(3):215-237. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.215.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher mortality rate than non-DM patients if they get COVID-19. Recent studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Additionally, patients without any history of diabetes can acquire new-onset DM when infected with COVID-19. Thus, there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions, confirming the vicious loop between "DM/COVID-19". This narrative review presents (1) the bidirectional association between the DM and COVID-19, (2) the manifestations of the DM/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease, (3) an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the DM/COVID-19 loop, (4) the role of vitamin-D in DM patients during COVID-19, and finally, (5) the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in DM patients during COVID-19 and "COVID-triggered DM" patients. We conclude that the bidirectional nature of DM/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular events. Due to this alarming condition, early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in "Diabetes patients during COVID-19" or "new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients".
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一场全球大流行疾病，已显示几种合并症对死亡率有重大影响。糖尿病（DM）患者感染COVID-19后的死亡率高于非糖尿病患者。最近的研究表明，有糖尿病病史的患者感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的风险会增加。此外，没有任何糖尿病病史的患者在感染COVID-19时可出现新发糖尿病。因此，有必要探索这两种疾病之间的双向联系，证实“糖尿病/COVID-19”之间的恶性循环。本叙述性综述介绍了：（1）糖尿病与COVID-19之间的双向关联；（2）导致心血管疾病的糖尿病/COVID-19循环的表现；（3）对影响糖尿病/COVID-19循环所致死亡率的主要和次要因素的理解；（4）COVID-19期间维生素D在糖尿病患者中的作用；最后，（5）COVID-19期间糖尿病患者以及“COVID引发的糖尿病”患者中追踪动脉粥样硬化负担的监测工具。我们得出结论，糖尿病/COVID-19的双向性质会加速心血管事件的发生。鉴于这种令人担忧的情况，需要对“COVID-19期间的糖尿病患者”或“非糖尿病患者中由COVID-19引发的新发糖尿病患者”的动脉粥样硬化负担进行早期监测。
