Rossi Rodolfo, Jannini Tommaso B, Socci Valentina, Pacitti Francesca, Lorenzo Giorgio Di
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 8;12:635832. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.635832. eCollection 2021.
The COVID-19 pandemic, due to its disproportionated higher morbidity and mortality rates in the older age, has been considered to be a "geropandemic." Several studies, however, have found that older age is associated with lower psychological distress in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak and related lockdown measures. To explore the role of Resilience as a mediator between stressful COVID-19 related life events and depressive and, anxiety symptoms and perceived stress, and to ascertain the role of age as a moderator of the mediator's effect. An on-line survey was spread through social networks during the first lockdown in Italy. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress were measured using the Italian version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Resilience was measured using the Italian version of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). Stressful COVID-19 related life events were explored using a checklist of events derived from the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ). After a preliminary panel of linear regressions, mediation was tested using Structural Equation Modeling and inspecting the bootstrapped indirect effects. Afterwards, age was introduced as a mediator of the indirect effect in a moderated mediation analysis. Twenty one thousand three hundred and thirty four subjects completed the questionnaire, 17,178 (80.52%) were female, 748 (3.5%) were >60 years old. In the whole sample, the presence of any stressful event was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress. Resilience mediated the effects of stressful COVID-19-related events on depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress. The moderated mediation analysis revealed that age moderated the mediation effect of Resilience between the presence of a stressful event and the selected outcomes. Taken together, our results show that age moderates the mediating effect of Resilience in the relationship between COVID-19-related stressful events and depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress. Older adults' Resilience was less influenced by stressful events, and this could be one of the reasons accounting for the better mental health outcomes observed in the older age.
由于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在老年人中的发病率和死亡率相对较高，它被视为一场“老年大流行”。然而，多项研究发现，在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情爆发及相关封锁措施方面，老年人的心理困扰程度较低。为了探究心理韧性在与新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的应激性生活事件和抑郁、焦虑症状及感知压力之间的中介作用，并确定年龄作为调节变量对中介效应的影响。在意大利首次封锁期间，通过社交网络开展了一项在线调查。使用意大利版的患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑障碍问卷-7（GAD-7）和感知压力量表（PSS）来测量抑郁和焦虑症状以及感知压力。使用意大利版的成人心理韧性量表（RSA）来测量心理韧性。通过一份源自国际适应障碍问卷（IADQ）的事件清单来探究与新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的应激性生活事件。在进行初步的线性回归分析之后，使用结构方程模型并检验自抽样间接效应来测试中介作用。之后，在有调节的中介分析中引入年龄作为间接效应的调节变量。两万一千三百三十四名受试者完成了问卷，其中17178名（80.52%）为女性，748名（3.5%）年龄超过60岁。在整个样本中，任何应激事件的存在都与抑郁和焦虑症状以及感知压力相关。心理韧性介导了与新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的应激事件对抑郁和焦虑症状以及感知压力的影响。有调节的中介分析表明，年龄调节了心理韧性在应激事件的存在与选定结果之间的中介效应。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，年龄调节了心理韧性在与新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的应激事件和抑郁、焦虑症状以及感知压力之间关系中的中介作用。老年人的心理韧性受应激事件的影响较小，这可能是老年人心理健康状况较好的原因之一。
