Vivekanandhan Karthik, Shanmugam Poornima, Barabadi Hamed, Arumugam Vigneshwaran, Daniel Raj Daniel Paul Raj Dharun, Sivasubramanian Manikandan, Ramasamy Subbaiya, Anand Krishnan, Boomi Pandi, Chandrasekaran Balakumar, Arokiyaraj Selvaraj, Saravanan Muthupandian
Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Mar 8;8:604447. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.604447. eCollection 2021.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a fast-paced epidemic in late 2019 which is disrupting life-saving immunization services. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus and an infectious disease that has caused fear among people across the world. The worldwide emergence and rapid expansion of SARS-CoV-2 emphasizes the need for exploring innovative therapeutic approaches to combat SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of some antiviral drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, umifenovir, etc., are still tested against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, there is a large global effort to develop vaccines for the protection against COVID-19. Because vaccines seem the best solution to control the pandemic but time is required for its development, pre-clinical/clinical trials, approval from FDA and scale-up. The nano-based approach is another promising approach to combat COVID-19 owing to unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. Peptide based vaccines emerged as promising vaccine candidates for SARS-CoV-2. The study emphasizes the current therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 and some of the potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 treatment which are still under clinical studies for their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, it is of high importance to mention that clinical trials are necessary for confirming promising drug candidates and effective vaccines and the safety profile of the new components must be evaluated before translation of studies for implementation in clinical use.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）于2019年末成为一种快速传播的流行病，正在扰乱挽救生命的免疫服务。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种高度传染性病毒，是一种在全世界人民中引起恐惧的传染病。SARS-CoV-2在全球范围内的出现和迅速传播凸显了探索创新治疗方法来对抗SARS-CoV-2的必要性。一些抗病毒药物如瑞德西韦、法匹拉韦、乌米芬诺尔等的疗效仍在针对SARS-CoV-2进行测试。此外，全球正在大力开展研发预防COVID-19疫苗的工作。因为疫苗似乎是控制大流行的最佳解决方案，但疫苗的研发、临床前/临床试验、获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准以及扩大生产规模都需要时间。基于纳米的方法由于纳米材料独特的物理化学性质，是另一种对抗COVID-19的有前景的方法。基于肽的疫苗已成为有前景的SARS-CoV-2疫苗候选物。该研究强调了目前针对SARS-CoV-2的治疗方法以及一些仍在进行临床研究以评估其对SARS-CoV-2有效性的SARS-CoV-2治疗潜在候选物。总体而言，必须指出的是，临床试验对于确认有前景的药物候选物和有效疫苗至关重要，并且在将研究成果转化为临床应用之前，必须评估新成分的安全性。
