Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10920 Wilshire Blvd, Ste 350, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Transl Behav Med. 2021 Apr 7;11(3):821-825. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa147.
The COVID-19 vaccine development, testing, and approval processes have moved forward with unprecedented speed in 2020. Although several vaccine candidates have shown promising results in clinical trials, resulting in expedited approval for public use from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, recent polls suggest that Americans strongly distrust the vaccine and its approval process. This mistrust stems from both the unusual speed of vaccine development and reports about side effects. This article applies insights from behavioral economics to consider how the general public may make decisions around whether or not to receive a future COVID-19 vaccine in a context of frequent side effects and preexisting mistrust. Three common cognitive biases shown to influence human decision-making under a behavioral economics framework are considered: confirmation bias, negativity bias, and optimism bias. Applying a behavioral economics framework to COVID-19 vaccine decision-making can elucidate potential barriers to vaccine uptake and points of intervention for clinicians and public health professionals.
2020 年，COVID-19 疫苗的研发、测试和审批程序以前所未有的速度推进。尽管一些候选疫苗在临床试验中显示出了有希望的结果，并导致美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）加速批准供公众使用，但最近的民意调查显示，美国人对疫苗及其审批过程强烈不信任。这种不信任源于疫苗研发的不寻常速度以及有关副作用的报告。本文应用行为经济学的观点来考虑在经常出现副作用和先前存在的不信任的情况下，公众在决定是否接受未来的 COVID-19 疫苗时可能会做出怎样的决策。考虑了在行为经济学框架下影响人类决策的三个常见认知偏差：确认偏差、负面偏差和乐观偏差。将行为经济学框架应用于 COVID-19 疫苗决策，可以阐明疫苗接种的潜在障碍，以及临床医生和公共卫生专业人员的干预点。
