埃塞俄比亚 Gedio 地区迪拉大学转诊医院产前保健孕妇中乙型肝炎病毒血清流行率；基于卫生机构的横断面研究。
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending Antenatal care in Dilla University Referral Hospital Gedio Zone, Ethiopia; health facility based cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, St Paul Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 25;16(3):e0249216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249216. eCollection 2021.
INTRODUCTION
A pregnancy that has been complicated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in typical management problems for both the mother and the newborn. One of the universal efforts in tackling the impact of chronic HBV is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission during Antenatal care via prompt screening as the majority of chronic infections globally harbored during this period. Rewarding result have been achieved in reducing this problem at this period of life through maternal screening programs and universal vaccination of infants. This study was aimed at assessing the seroprevalence and associated risk factor of HBV among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in Dilla University Referral Hospital (DURH), Southern Ethiopia.
METHOD
A facility- based cross- sectional study was conducted from December 01 to May 30, 2017 among pregnant women attending ANC. A total of 236 pregnant women were included in this study. All Pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic and were volunteer during the study period were included, whereas those women who were unable to communicate due to any problem, and not volunteer to give informed consent were excluded. Volunteer participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and had offered to test for HBsAg infection. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables.
RESULTS
From 215 pregnant women attending ANC, the prevalence of HBsAg by the rapid test was found to be 11 (5.1%). Among the study participants, 91.1% (215) were tested for HIV antibody during the ANC visit, with the positivity rate of 4.5%. The result showed 1.86% of the study participants who were tested for HIV were also positive for HBsAg. Among those factors affecting the transmission of HBV infection, multiple partners and HIV confection have significant association at P-value less than 0.05.
CONCLUSION
The Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women was found to be significant and hence, routine screening of pregnant mother at Antenatal care for this virus, and subsequent management according to the guideline for both the mother and child is recommended.
介绍
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染导致的妊娠会给母亲和新生儿带来典型的管理问题。在全球范围内，大多数慢性感染都发生在这一时期，因此，在产前保健中及时筛查以预防母婴传播是解决慢性 HBV 影响的普遍努力之一。通过母婴筛查计划和婴儿普遍接种疫苗，已经在这一生命阶段取得了减少这一问题的可喜成果。本研究旨在评估在埃塞俄比亚南部迪拉大学转诊医院（DURH）接受产前保健（ANC）的孕妇中乙型肝炎病毒的血清流行率和相关危险因素。
方法
2017 年 12 月 1 日至 5 月 30 日，在迪拉大学转诊医院，对参加 ANC 的孕妇进行了一项基于设施的横断面研究。共有 236 名孕妇纳入本研究。所有参加产前诊所的孕妇，以及在研究期间自愿参加的孕妇均被纳入研究，而那些由于任何问题无法沟通且不愿签署知情同意书的孕妇则被排除在外。志愿者参与者被要求填写一份问卷，并提供检测 HBsAg 感染的服务。使用 SPSS 版本 20 软件对数据进行分析。使用逻辑回归来确定因变量和自变量之间的关系。
结果
在 215 名参加 ANC 的孕妇中，快速检测发现 HBsAg 的阳性率为 11（5.1%）。在研究参与者中，91.1%（215）在 ANC 就诊期间接受了 HIV 抗体检测，阳性率为 4.5%。结果显示，1.86%接受 HIV 检测的研究参与者也对 HBsAg 呈阳性。在影响 HBV 感染传播的因素中，多重性伴侣和 HIV 感染具有显著相关性，P 值小于 0.05。
结论
在孕妇中发现乙型肝炎病毒的血清阳性率显著，因此，建议在产前保健中对孕妇进行常规筛查这种病毒，并根据母亲和儿童的指南进行后续管理。
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