Stalažs Arturs
Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Graudu iela 1, Ceriņi, Krimūnu pagasts, Dobeles novads, LV-3701, Latvia.
J Plant Res. 2021 May;134(3):497-507. doi: 10.1007/s10265-021-01278-4. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
By intervening in natural events, relocating species to other areas, purposefully hybridizing them, as well as reducing the habitats required for them, humans have created conditions for new hybrid species to emerge. As long as hybrids exist in our gardens and fields, we have no reason to worry. However, problems arise with the expansion of these hybrid species into natural habitats, where such hybrid species cannot always be recognized and remain unnoticed, and in most cases they are often mistaken for natural parent species. Two hybrid species, Amelanchier ×spicata and ×Sorbaronia mitschurinii have historically developed in Europe with different scenarios of origin. It has been suggested in the past that both species are of hybrid origin, and recent molecular studies have confirmed the previous assumptions. There is no doubt that A. ×spicata originated in a natural way of hybridization, when the two parental species came into contact in Europe, but ×S. mitschurinii is a purposefully created species, crossing ×Sorbaronia fallax with Aronia melanocarpa. Produced as a result of different scenarios, these two hybrid species have become invasive in Europe, and ×S. mitschurinii has started to follow in the footsteps of the highly invasive A. ×spicata, spreading in the wild, where it predominantly expands in pine forests and in wetland forests along water bodies and bogs. Moreover, ×S. mitschurinii occupies the same habitats in Europe as one of its parent plants, A. melanocarpa in North America, and this species is a threat to wetland forest habitats. Given that ×S. mitschurinii has long been regarded as one of Aronia species, the exact distribution of the species in Europe is unknown, but the following countries are currently reporting the presence of the species in Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden, Ukraine and United Kingdom. In the light of current knowledge, further studies on ×S. mitschurinii invasion in Europe are needed, as well as the need to correct the information in international databases, such as CABI, NOBANIS, to separate ×S. mitschurinii data from what applies to Aronia taxa.
通过干预自然事件、将物种迁移到其他地区、有目的地使它们杂交，以及减少它们所需的栖息地，人类为新的杂交物种出现创造了条件。只要杂交物种存在于我们的花园和田野中，我们就没有理由担心。然而，当这些杂交物种扩展到自然栖息地时，问题就出现了，在这些自然栖息地中，这样的杂交物种并不总是能被识别出来，且容易被忽视，而且在大多数情况下，它们常常被误认为是自然亲本物种。两种杂交物种，花楸梅×尖叶花楸和×米丘林花楸，在欧洲历史上有着不同的起源情况。过去有人认为这两个物种都是杂交起源，最近的分子研究证实了之前的假设。毫无疑问，花楸梅×尖叶花楸是以自然杂交的方式起源的，当时这两个亲本物种在欧洲相遇，但×米丘林花楸是一个人工培育的物种，是将×法氏花楸与黑果花楸杂交而成。由于起源情况不同，这两种杂交物种在欧洲已成为入侵物种，×米丘林花楸开始步高度入侵的花楸梅×尖叶花楸的后尘，在野外蔓延，主要在松树林以及沿水体和沼泽的湿地森林中扩张。此外，×米丘林花楸在欧洲占据的栖息地与其亲本植物之一、北美洲的黑果花楸相同，该物种对湿地森林栖息地构成威胁。鉴于×米丘林花楸长期以来一直被视为花楸属物种之一，其在欧洲的确切分布情况尚不清楚，但目前以下国家报告了该物种在欧洲的存在：白俄罗斯、比利时、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、荷兰、挪威、波兰、俄罗斯联邦、瑞典、乌克兰和英国。鉴于目前的认知，需要对×米丘林花楸在欧洲的入侵情况进行进一步研究，同时也需要纠正国际数据库（如CABI、NOBANIS）中的信息，将×米丘林花楸的数据与适用于花楸属分类群的数据区分开来。
