Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
NIEHS Center for Environmental Health Sciences in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2017 Dec;4(4):392-404. doi: 10.1007/s40572-017-0171-y.
This review discusses the sex-specific effects of exposure to various organophosphate (OP) pesticides throughout the life course and potential reasons for the differential vulnerabilities observed across sexes.
Sex is a crucial factor in the response to toxicants, yet the sex-specific effects of OP exposure, particularly in juveniles and adults, remain unresolved. This is largely due to study design and inconsistencies in exposure and outcome assessments. Exposure to OPs results in multiple adverse outcomes influenced by many factors including sex. Reported sex-specific effects suggest that males are more susceptible to OPs, which reflects the sex-dependent prevalence of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as autism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which males are at greater risk. Thus, this review proposes that the biological sex-specific effects elicited by OP exposure may in part underlie the dimorphic susceptibilities observed in neurological disorders. Understanding the immediate and long-term effects of OP exposure across sexes will be critical in advancing our understanding of OP-induced neurotoxicity and disease.
本文讨论了一生中接触各种有机磷(OP)农药对性别特异性的影响,以及观察到的性别差异易感性的潜在原因。
性别是对有毒物质反应的一个关键因素,但 OP 暴露的性别特异性影响,特别是在青少年和成年人中,仍未得到解决。这主要是由于研究设计以及暴露和结果评估的不一致。接触有机磷会导致多种不良后果,这些后果受许多因素影响,包括性别。报告的性别特异性影响表明,男性更容易受到有机磷的影响,这反映了各种神经发育和神经退行性疾病(如自闭症和肌萎缩侧索硬化症)在男性中更为普遍,男性患这些疾病的风险更高。因此,本综述提出,OP 暴露引起的生物学性别特异性效应可能在一定程度上解释了神经疾病中观察到的二态易感性。了解不同性别之间 OP 暴露的即时和长期影响对于深入了解 OP 诱导的神经毒性和疾病至关重要。