Stein Lauren J, Gunier Robert B, Harley Kim, Kogut Katherine, Bradman Asa, Eskenazi Brenda
Center for Environmental Research and Children⿿s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, United States.
Center for Environmental Research and Children⿿s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, United States.
Neurotoxicology. 2016 Sep;56:180-187. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.010. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Previous studies have observed an adverse association between prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticide (OPs) and child cognition, but few studies consider the potential role of social stressors in modifying this relationship.
We seek to explore the potential role of early social adversities in modifying the relationship between OPs and child IQ in an agricultural Mexican American population.
Participants from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a prospective longitudinal pre-birth cohort study, include 329 singleton infants and their mothers followed from pregnancy through age 7. Dialkyl phosphate metabolite concentrations (DAPs), a biomarker of organophosphate pesticide exposure, were measured in maternal urine collected twice during pregnancy and averaged. Child cognitive ability was assessed at 7 years using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition. Demographic characteristics and adversity information were collected during interviews and home visits at numerous time points from pregnancy until age 7.
Among low-income Latina mothers and their children in the Salinas Valley, total adversity and specific domains of adversity including poor learning environment and adverse parent-child relationships were negatively associated with child cognition. Adverse associations between DAP concentrations and IQ were stronger in children experiencing greater adversity; these associations varied by child sex. For example, the association between prenatal OP exposure and Full-Scale IQ is potentiated among boys who experienced high adversity in the learning environment (β=-13.3; p-value <0.01).
Greater total and domain-specific adversity modifies negative relationships between prenatal OP exposure and child IQ differently among male and female children. These findings emphasize the need to consider plausible interactive pathways between social adversities and environmental exposures.
以往研究观察到产前接触有机磷农药（OPs）与儿童认知之间存在不良关联，但很少有研究考虑社会压力源在改变这种关系中的潜在作用。
我们试图探讨早期社会逆境在墨西哥裔美国农业人口中改变OPs与儿童智商之间关系的潜在作用。
来自萨利纳斯母婴健康评估中心（CHAMACOS）研究的参与者，这是一项前瞻性纵向出生前队列研究，包括329名单胎婴儿及其母亲，从孕期一直随访到7岁。在孕期两次采集的母体尿液中测量二烷基磷酸酯代谢物浓度（DAPs），这是有机磷农药暴露的生物标志物，并计算平均值。在7岁时使用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版评估儿童认知能力。在从孕期到7岁的多个时间点进行访谈和家访时收集人口统计学特征和逆境信息。
在萨利纳斯山谷的低收入拉丁裔母亲及其子女中，总的逆境以及包括不良学习环境和不良亲子关系在内的特定逆境领域与儿童认知呈负相关。在经历更多逆境的儿童中，DAP浓度与智商之间的不良关联更强；这些关联因儿童性别而异。例如，在学习环境中经历高逆境的男孩中，产前OP暴露与全量表智商之间的关联增强（β=-13.3；p值<0.01）。
总的和特定领域的更大逆境对产前OP暴露与儿童智商之间的负向关系的改变在男孩和女孩中有所不同。这些发现强调需要考虑社会逆境与环境暴露之间可能的交互途径。
