Zhu Lifeng, Zhang Zheng, Chen Hua, Lamer James T, Wang Jun, Wei Wenzhi, Fu Lixia, Tang Minghu, Wang Chenghui, Lu Guoqing
College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China.
Mingke Biotechnology Center Hangzhou China.
Evol Appl. 2020 Dec 22;14(3):735-745. doi: 10.1111/eva.13152. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Gut microbiomes play an essential role in host survival and local adaptation and thus can facilitate the invasion of host species. Biological invasions have been shown to be linked to the genetic properties of alien host species. It is thus plausible that the holobiont, the host, and its associated microbiome act as an entity to drive invasion success. The bighead carp and silver carp (bigheaded carps), invasive species that exhibit extensive hybridization in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB), provided a unique model to test the holobiont hypothesis of invasion. Here, we investigated the microbiomes of foreguts and hindguts in bigheaded carps and their reciprocal hybrids reared in aquaculture ponds using 16S amplicons and the associated gene prediction. We found an admixed pattern in the gut microbiome community in bigheaded carp hybrids. The hybrid gut microbiomes showed special characteristics such as relatively high alpha diversity in the foregut, an increasing dissimilarity between foreguts and hindguts, and a remarkable proportion of genes coding for putative enzymes related to their digestion of main food resources (, cellulose, and chitin). The pond-reared hybrids had advantageous features in genes coding for putative enzymes related to their diet. The above results collectively suggested that the gut microbiomes of hybrids could be beneficial to their local adaptation (e.g., food resource utilization), which might have facilitated their invasion in the MRB. The gut microbial findings, along with the intrinsic genomic features likely associated with life-history traits revealed in our recent study, provide preliminary evidence supporting the holobiont hypothesis of invasion.
肠道微生物群在宿主生存和局部适应中起着至关重要的作用，因此可以促进宿主物种的入侵。生物入侵已被证明与外来宿主物种的遗传特性有关。因此，全生物（宿主及其相关微生物群）作为一个实体推动入侵成功是合理的。鳙鱼和鲢鱼（大头鲤）是在密西西比河流域（MRB）表现出广泛杂交的入侵物种，为检验入侵的全生物假说提供了一个独特的模型。在这里，我们使用16S扩增子和相关基因预测，研究了养殖池塘中鳙鱼及其正反交杂种前肠和后肠的微生物群。我们在鳙鱼杂种的肠道微生物群中发现了混合模式。杂种肠道微生物群表现出特殊特征，如前肠中相对较高的α多样性、前肠和后肠之间差异的增加，以及编码与它们对主要食物资源（纤维素和几丁质）消化相关的假定酶的基因比例显著。池塘养殖的杂种在编码与它们的饮食相关的假定酶的基因方面具有优势特征。上述结果共同表明，杂种的肠道微生物群可能有利于它们的局部适应（例如食物资源利用），这可能促进了它们在MRB中的入侵。肠道微生物研究结果，连同我们最近研究中揭示的可能与生活史特征相关的内在基因组特征，提供了支持入侵全生物假说的初步证据。
