Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 26;11(1):7008. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86404-x.
Dietary fiber functions as a prebiotic to determine the gut microbe composition. The gut microbiota influences the metabolic functions and immune responses in human health. The gut microbiota and metabolites produced by various dietary components not only modulate immunity but also impact various organs. Although recent findings have suggested that microbial dysbiosis is associated with several respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and allergy, the role of microbiota and metabolites produced by dietary nutrients with respect to pulmonary disease remains unclear. Therefore, we explored whether the gut microbiota and metabolites produced by dietary fiber components could influence a cigarette smoking (CS)-exposed emphysema model. In this study, it was demonstrated that a high-fiber diet including non-fermentable cellulose and fermentable pectin attenuated the pathological changes associated with emphysema progression and the inflammatory response in CS-exposed emphysema mice. Moreover, we observed that different types of dietary fiber could modulate the diversity of gut microbiota and differentially impacted anabolism including the generation of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and sphingolipids. Overall, the results of this study indicate that high-fiber diets play a beneficial role in the gut microbiota-metabolite modulation and substantially affect CS-exposed emphysema mice. Furthermore, this study suggests the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota and metabolites from a high-fiber diet in emphysema via local and systemic inflammation inhibition, which may be useful in the development of a new COPD treatment plan.
膳食纤维作为一种益生元，决定肠道微生物组成。肠道微生物群影响人类健康的代谢功能和免疫反应。各种膳食成分产生的肠道微生物群和代谢物不仅调节免疫，还影响各种器官。虽然最近的研究结果表明，微生物失调与几种呼吸系统疾病有关，包括哮喘、囊性纤维化和过敏，但膳食纤维营养成分产生的微生物群和代谢物对肺部疾病的作用尚不清楚。因此，我们探讨了膳食纤维成分产生的肠道微生物群和代谢物是否会影响吸烟（CS）暴露肺气肿模型。在这项研究中，证明了包括不可发酵纤维素和可发酵果胶在内的高纤维饮食可减轻 CS 暴露肺气肿小鼠肺气肿进展相关的病理变化和炎症反应。此外，我们观察到不同类型的膳食纤维可以调节肠道微生物群的多样性，并对包括短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸和鞘脂在内的物质代谢产生不同的影响。总的来说，这项研究的结果表明，高纤维饮食在肠道微生物群-代谢物调节中发挥有益作用，并显著影响 CS 暴露的肺气肿小鼠。此外，本研究通过局部和全身炎症抑制，提示高纤维饮食中的肠道微生物群和代谢物在肺气肿中的治疗潜力，这可能有助于制定新的 COPD 治疗计划。
