Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 27;73(5):611-625. doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgab008.
Iris germanica L. is a medicinal plant, which has a long history of uses, mainly in medieval Persia and many places worldwide for the management of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, we aimed to review ethnopharmacological applications in addition to phytochemical and pharmacological properties of I. germanica.
Ethnomedical uses of I. germanica have been reported from many countries such as China, Pakistan, India, Iran and Turkey. The medicinal part of I. germanica is the rhizome and the roots. Based on phytochemical investigations, different bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, phenolics, ceramides and benzoquinones, have been identified in its medicinal parts. Current pharmacological studies represent that the plant possesses several biological and therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects.
Although the majority of preclinical studies reported various pharmacological activities of this plant, however, sufficient clinical trials are not currently available. Therefore, to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy and therapeutic activities of I. germanica and its bioactive compounds, further clinical and experimental studies are required. Moreover, it is necessary to focus on the pharmacokinetic and safety studies on the extracts of I. germanica.
毛茛科植物德国鸢尾是一种药用植物，在中世纪的波斯和世界各地的许多地方，它被广泛用于治疗各种疾病，有着悠久的应用历史。本研究旨在综述德国鸢尾的民族药理学应用，以及其植物化学和药理学特性。
中国、巴基斯坦、印度、伊朗和土耳其等许多国家都有关于德国鸢尾的民族医学用途的报道。德国鸢尾的药用部位是根茎和根。基于植物化学研究，已在其药用部位中鉴定出不同的生物活性化合物，包括类黄酮、三萜、甾醇、酚类、神经酰胺和苯醌。目前的药理学研究表明，该植物具有多种生物学和治疗作用，包括神经保护、降血糖、降血脂、抗菌、抗氧化、抗增殖、抗炎、抗疟原虫、抗真菌、免疫调节、细胞毒性和抗诱变作用。
尽管大多数临床前研究报告了这种植物的各种药理学活性，但目前还没有足够的临床试验。因此，为了对德国鸢尾及其生物活性化合物的疗效和治疗活性得出明确的结论，还需要进一步的临床和实验研究。此外，有必要关注德国鸢尾提取物的药代动力学和安全性研究。
