Paracoccus binzhouensis sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge.

A gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped strain, designated wg1, was isolated from activated sludge obtained from wastewater treatment plant in Binzhou (Shandong province, PR China). Growth of strain wg1 occurred at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum growth at pH 8.0) and at a salinity range of 0-4% (optimum, 1%). The chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic traits were investigated. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain wg1 belonged to the genus Paracoccus. The species with highest similarity to strain wg1 was Paracoccus communis VKM B-2787 (98.27%), followed by Paracoccus kondratievae VKM B-2222 (98.25%). The isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8, C and C. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), aminoglycolipid (AGL), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), aminolipid (AL), one unidentified lipid (L) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL). The genome size was 4,834,448 bp with a G+C content of 67.67 mol%. The prediction result of secondary metabolites based on genome has shown that the strain wg1 contained 12 clusters, and the gene involved in primary metabolism showed differences in the comparison between wg1 and reference strains. The dDDH values of strain wg1 with P. communis VKM B-2787, P. kondratievae VKM B-2222 and P. denitrificans DSM 413 were 45.30, 30.60 and 39.50%, respectively. Based on its physiological properties, chemotaxonomic characteristics and low ANI and dDDH results, strain wg1 is considered to represent a novel species for which the name Paracoccus binzhouensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is wg1 (= KCTC 72861 = CCTCC AB 2019400).