Tang Xiaoyan, Daneshmandi Leila, Awale Guleid, Nair Lakshmi S, Laurencin Cato T
Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Regen Eng Transl Med. 2019 Sep;5(3):233-251. doi: 10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
Skeletal muscles have the intrinsic ability to regenerate after minor injury, but under certain circumstances such as severe trauma from accidents, chronic diseases or battlefield injuries the regeneration process is limited. Skeletal muscle regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical issue. The regenerative engineering approach involves the convergence of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physical forces, insights from developmental biology, and clinical translation. This article reviews recent studies showing the potential of the convergences of technologies involving biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors in concert with clinical translation, in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Several types of biomaterials such as electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, patterned scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and conductive matrices are being investigated. Detailed discussions are given on how these biomaterials can interact with cells and modulate their behavior through physical, chemical and mechanical cues. In addition, the application of physical forces such as mechanical and electrical stimulation are reviewed as strategies that can further enhance muscle contractility and functionality. The review also discusses established animal models to evaluate regeneration in two clinically relevant muscle injuries; volumetric muscle loss (VML) and muscle atrophy upon rotator cuff injury. Regenerative engineering approaches using advanced biomaterials, cells, and physical forces, developmental cues along with insights from immunology, genetics and other aspects of clinical translation hold significant potential to develop promising strategies to support skeletal muscle regeneration.
骨骼肌在受到轻微损伤后具有内在的再生能力，但在某些情况下，如交通事故造成的严重创伤、慢性疾病或战场损伤，再生过程是有限的。骨骼肌再生工程已成为解决这一临床问题的一种有前景的方法。再生工程方法涉及先进材料科学、干细胞科学、物理力、发育生物学见解以及临床转化的融合。本文综述了近期的研究，这些研究表明生物材料、干细胞和生物活性因子等技术与临床转化相结合，在促进骨骼肌再生方面具有潜力。正在研究几种类型的生物材料，如电纺纳米纤维、水凝胶、图案化支架、脱细胞组织和导电基质。详细讨论了这些生物材料如何通过物理、化学和机械信号与细胞相互作用并调节其行为。此外，还综述了机械和电刺激等物理力的应用，作为可以进一步增强肌肉收缩力和功能的策略。该综述还讨论了用于评估两种临床相关肌肉损伤再生情况的既定动物模型；即容积性肌肉损失（VML）和肩袖损伤后的肌肉萎缩。利用先进生物材料、细胞和物理力、发育线索以及来自免疫学、遗传学和临床转化其他方面的见解的再生工程方法，具有开发支持骨骼肌再生的有前景策略的巨大潜力。
