Cermak L S, Blackford S P, O'Connor M, Bleich R P
Memory Disorders Research Center, V.A. Medical Center, Boston, MA 02130.
Brain Cogn. 1988 Apr;7(2):145-56. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(88)90026-7.
The implicit memory ability of a patient (S.S.) with severe amnesia due to encephalitis was assessed using five independent paradigms: Perceptual priming with real words and pseudowords; Word-stem completion with and without contextual cues; Word-stem completion following presentation of high- vs. low-frequency words; Biasing of the spelling of ambiguous (homophonic) words; and Conceptual priming. On the tasks in which previously acquired knowledge could potentially be activated by a prime (e.g., perceptual priming with real words), both S.S. and the Korsakoff patients performed on a normal level. However, when new learning or new associations had to be formed prior to implicit memory testing (e.g., perceptual priming of pseudowords or contextual word-stem completion), S.S.'s implicit memory performance was superior to Korsakoff amnesics. These results suggested that new learning differentially affects the priming abilities of S.S. and alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Since S.S.'s amnesia is as severe as Korsakoff patients, it was also concluded that severity of amnesia is clearly not the sole determinant of priming capacity; etiology may be equally important.
运用五个独立的范式对一名因脑炎导致严重失忆的患者（S.S.）的内隐记忆能力进行了评估：对真实词汇和假词的知觉启动；有无语境线索下的词干补全；呈现高频词与低频词后的词干补全；对歧义（同音）词拼写的偏向；以及概念启动。在那些先前习得的知识可能会被启动刺激激活的任务中（例如，对真实词汇的知觉启动），S.S.和柯萨科夫综合征患者的表现处于正常水平。然而，当在内隐记忆测试之前必须形成新的学习或新的联想时（例如，对假词的知觉启动或语境词干补全），S.S.的内隐记忆表现优于柯萨科夫失忆症患者。这些结果表明，新的学习对S.S.和酒精性柯萨科夫综合征患者的启动能力有不同的影响。由于S.S.的失忆症与柯萨科夫综合征患者一样严重，研究还得出结论，失忆症的严重程度显然不是启动能力的唯一决定因素；病因可能同样重要。
