Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA.
Neurosci Bull. 2021 Jun;37(6):831-852. doi: 10.1007/s12264-021-00665-0. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Learning to associate a positive or negative experience with an unrelated cue after the presentation of a reward or a punishment defines associative learning. The ability to form associative memories has been reported in animal species as complex as humans and as simple as insects and sea slugs. Associative memory has even been reported in tardigrades [1], species that diverged from other animal phyla 500 million years ago. Understanding the mechanisms of memory formation is a fundamental goal of neuroscience research. In this article, we work on resolving the current contradictions between different Drosophila associative memory circuit models and propose an updated version of the circuit model that predicts known memory behaviors that current models do not. Finally, we propose a model for how dopamine may function as a reward prediction error signal in Drosophila, a dopamine function that is well-established in mammals but not in insects [2, 3].
在呈现奖励或惩罚后，学会将积极或消极的经验与无关的线索联系起来，这定义了联想学习。这种形成联想记忆的能力在动物物种中都有报道，无论是像人类这样复杂的物种，还是像昆虫和海蛞蝓这样简单的物种。甚至在缓步动物中也有报道 [1]，这些物种在 5 亿年前与其他动物门分化开来。理解记忆形成的机制是神经科学研究的一个基本目标。在本文中，我们致力于解决不同果蝇联想记忆回路模型之间的当前矛盾，并提出一个更新的回路模型版本，该模型预测了当前模型无法预测的已知记忆行为。最后，我们提出了一个模型，说明多巴胺如何在果蝇中作为奖励预测误差信号发挥作用，多巴胺在哺乳动物中的作用已经得到很好的证实，但在昆虫中却没有 [2,3]。
