School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong).
School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong).
J Med Internet Res. 2021 Apr 14;23(4):e24577. doi: 10.2196/24577.
BACKGROUND: eHealth literacy can potentially facilitate web-based information seeking and taking informed measures. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate socioeconomic disparities in eHealth literacy and seeking of web-based information on COVID-19, and their associations with COVID-19 preventive behaviors. METHODS: The COVID-19 Health Information Survey (CoVHIns), using telephonic (n=500) and web-based surveys (n=1001), was conducted among adults in Hong Kong in April 2020. The Chinese eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS; score range 8-40) was used to measure eHealth literacy. COVID-19 preventive behaviors included wearing surgical masks, wearing fabric masks, washing hands, social distancing, and adding water or bleach to the household drainage system. Adjusted beta coefficients and the slope indices of inequality for the eHEALS score by socioeconomic status, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for seeking of web-based information on COVID-19 by socioeconomic status, and aORs for the high adherence to preventive behaviors by the eHEALS score and seeking of web-based information on COVID-19 were calculated. RESULTS: The mean eHEALS score was 26.10 (SD 7.70). Age was inversely associated with the eHEALS score, but education and personal income were positively associated with the eHEALS score and seeking of web-based information on COVID-19 (for all, P for trend<.05). Participants who sought web-based information on COVID-19 showed high adherence to the practice of wearing surgical masks (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.15-2.13), washing hands (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.71), social distancing (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14-1.93), and adding water or bleach to the household drainage system (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.18). Those with the highest eHEALS score displayed high adherence to the practice of wearing surgical masks (aOR 3.84, 95% CI 1.63-9.05), washing hands (aOR 4.14, 95% CI 2.46-6.96), social distancing (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.39-3.65), and adding water or bleach to the household drainage system (aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.19-3.16), compared to those with the lowest eHEALS score. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese adults with a higher socioeconomic status had higher eHealth literacy and sought more web-based information on COVID-19; both these factors were associated with a high adherence to the guidelines for preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
背景：电子健康素养有可能促进基于网络的信息搜索和采取明智的措施。
目的：本研究旨在评估电子健康素养和对 COVID-19 的网络信息搜索方面的社会经济差异，及其与 COVID-19 预防行为的关联。
方法：2020 年 4 月，在香港使用电话（n=500）和网络调查（n=1001）对成年人进行了 COVID-19 健康信息调查（CoVHIns）。使用中文电子健康素养量表（eHEALS；得分范围 8-40）来衡量电子健康素养。COVID-19 预防行为包括佩戴外科口罩、佩戴布口罩、洗手、保持社交距离，以及向家庭排水系统中添加水或漂白剂。计算了 eHEALS 评分的社会经济地位的调整后的 beta 系数和不平等斜率指数、社会经济地位的网络信息搜索的调整优势比（aOR），以及 eHEALS 评分和网络信息搜索对 COVID-19 的高预防行为的 aOR。
结果：eHEALS 的平均得分为 26.10（SD 7.70）。年龄与 eHEALS 评分呈负相关，而教育和个人收入与 eHEALS 评分和对 COVID-19 的网络信息搜索呈正相关（均 P<.05）。寻求 COVID-19 网络信息的参与者对佩戴外科口罩（aOR 1.56，95%CI 1.15-2.13）、洗手（aOR 1.33，95%CI 1.05-1.71）、保持社交距离（aOR 1.48，95%CI 1.14-1.93）和向家庭排水系统中添加水或漂白剂（aOR 1.67，95%CI 1.28-2.18）的实践有较高的依从性。eHEALS 得分最高的参与者对佩戴外科口罩（aOR 3.84，95%CI 1.63-9.05）、洗手（aOR 4.14，95%CI 2.46-6.96）、保持社交距离（aOR 2.25，95%CI 1.39-3.65）和向家庭排水系统中添加水或漂白剂（aOR 1.94，95%CI 1.19-3.16）的实践具有较高的依从性，而 eHEALS 得分最低的参与者则没有。
结论：社会经济地位较高的中国成年人具有较高的电子健康素养，并寻求更多关于 COVID-19 的网络信息；这两个因素都与 COVID-19 大流行期间预防行为的指南的高依从性有关。
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