van Daal Manon, Muntinga Maaike E, Steffens Sandra, Halsema Annemie, Verdonk Petra
Department Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2020 Jul 20;1(1):218-223. doi: 10.1089/whr.2020.0047. eCollection 2020.
In this article, we explore to what extent sex and gender differences may be reproduced in the 3D bioprinting of kidneys. Sex and gender differences have been observed in kidney function, anatomy, and physiology, and play a role in kidney donation and transplantation through differences in kidney size (sex aspect) and altruism (gender aspect). As a form of personalized medicine, 3D bioprinting might be expected to eliminate sex and gender bias. On the basis of an analysis of recent literature, we conclude that personalized techniques such as 3D bioprinting of kidneys alone do not mean that sex and gender bias does not happen. Therefore, sex and gender considerations should be included into every step of developing and using 3D-bioprinted kidneys: in the choice of design, cells, biomaterials, and X-chromosome-activated cells.
在本文中，我们探讨了肾脏的3D生物打印在多大程度上可能重现性别差异。在肾功能、解剖结构和生理机能方面已观察到性别差异，并且这些差异通过肾脏大小（性别方面）和利他主义（社会性别方面）的不同，在肾脏捐赠和移植中发挥作用。作为个性化医疗的一种形式，3D生物打印有望消除性别偏见。基于对近期文献的分析，我们得出结论，仅肾脏的3D生物打印等个性化技术并不意味着不会出现性别偏见。因此，在开发和使用3D生物打印肾脏的每一步都应纳入对性别的考量：在设计、细胞、生物材料和X染色体激活细胞的选择中。
