Roy Madhumita, Dutta Tapan K
Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 10;12:584019. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.584019. eCollection 2021.
Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. (Amaranthaceae), a mangrove associate and ethno-medicinal herb of Indian Sundarbans, was investigated as a promising source of bioactive compounds. Various polar and nonpolar solvent extracts of the leaf and root-shoot parts of the plant exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, allelopathic, mosquitocidal, antihaemolytic and antidiuretic potential. Moreover, to meet pharmacological requirements, the antioxidant ability of the plant was validated by both chemical and biological analyses. Extraction yield and presence of different phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were compared in various solvent-extracted fractions. Principle component analysis revealed that the antioxidant property present in different extracts maintained a positive correlation with the occurrence of polyphenols (phenolics, tannins and flavonoids). Biochemical evaluation, HPLC examination and GC-MS analysis showed a differential level of the presence of various phytochemicals in different solvent extracts. In contrast to mosquitocidal, antioxidant, antihaemolytic and phytotoxic properties which were observed to be dominant in polar solvent extracts, maximum antibacterial potency was detected in nonpolar -hexane fractions. Overall, the plant extract is nontoxic in nature and a dose amounting to 3,000 mg/kg was well tolerated by Swiss albino mice. A combination of HPLC and GC-MS analyses showed the presence of a large number of structurally diverse phytochemicals, many of which had already been reported as insecticidal, mosquitocidal, antibacterial, herbicidal, antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-haemolytic compounds. All these findings support that the least explored traditional edible medicinal mangrove associate S.monoica is enriched with multiple bioactive molecules and may be considered as one of the richest sources of various lead molecules of pharmaceutical importance.
单花碱蓬（Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.，苋科）是印度孙德尔本斯地区的一种红树林伴生植物和民族药用草本植物，被作为生物活性化合物的一个有前景的来源进行了研究。该植物叶和根茎部分的各种极性和非极性溶剂提取物表现出抗氧化、抗菌、抗真菌、化感、杀蚊、抗溶血和抗利尿潜力。此外，为满足药理学要求，通过化学和生物学分析验证了该植物的抗氧化能力。比较了各种溶剂提取物馏分的提取产率以及酚类、黄酮类、单宁和皂苷等不同植物化学物质的存在情况。主成分分析表明，不同提取物中的抗氧化特性与多酚（酚类、单宁和黄酮类）的存在呈正相关。生化评价、高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测和气相色谱 - 质谱（GC - MS）分析显示不同溶剂提取物中各种植物化学物质的存在水平存在差异。与在极性溶剂提取物中占主导的杀蚊、抗氧化、抗溶血和植物毒性特性相反，在非极性己烷馏分中检测到最大的抗菌效力。总体而言，该植物提取物本质上无毒，3000 mg/kg的剂量瑞士白化小鼠耐受性良好。HPLC和GC - MS分析相结合表明存在大量结构多样的植物化学物质，其中许多已被报道为具有杀虫、杀蚊、抗菌、除草、抗利尿、抗氧化和抗溶血作用的化合物。所有这些发现都支持，最少被探索的传统可食用药用红树林伴生植物单花碱蓬富含多种生物活性分子，可被视为具有药学重要性的各种先导分子的最丰富来源之一。
