Li Hui, Wang Fang, Yang Mu, Sun Jiao, Zhao Yi, Tang Dongqi
Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
Int J Endocrinol. 2021 Mar 18;2021:6572342. doi: 10.1155/2021/6572342. eCollection 2021.
Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to the imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Irisin, a newly identified exercise-responsive myokine, which is produced by the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and obesity-related complications. Various studies in mice have shown that irisin could respond to systematic exercise training and promote white-to-brown fat transdifferentiation, but the role and function of irisin in humans are controversial. In this review, we systematically introduced and analyzed the factors that may contribute to these inconsistent results. Furthermore, we also described the potential anti-inflammatory properties of irisin under a variety of inflammatory conditions. Finally, the review discussed the existing unresolved issues and controversies about irisin, including the transcription of the irisin precursor FNDC5 gene in humans, the cleavage site of the yet unknown proteolytic enzyme that cleaves irisin from FNDC5, and the reliability of irisin levels measured with available detection methods.
肥胖是一个全球性的健康问题，原因在于能量摄入与能量消耗的失衡。鸢尾素是一种新发现的运动反应性肌动蛋白，由含III型纤连蛋白结构域蛋白5（FNDC5）的蛋白水解切割产生，已成为对抗肥胖及肥胖相关并发症的一种有前景的治疗策略。在小鼠身上进行的各种研究表明，鸢尾素能够对系统性运动训练产生反应，并促进白色脂肪向棕色脂肪的转分化，但鸢尾素在人类中的作用和功能仍存在争议。在这篇综述中，我们系统地介绍并分析了可能导致这些不一致结果的因素。此外，我们还描述了鸢尾素在各种炎症条件下潜在的抗炎特性。最后，该综述讨论了关于鸢尾素现有的未解决问题和争议，包括人类中鸢尾素前体FNDC5基因的转录、从FNDC5切割鸢尾素的未知蛋白水解酶的切割位点，以及用现有检测方法测量的鸢尾素水平的可靠性。
