Global Health Interdisciplinary Unit, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan.
International Institute of Socio-epidemiology, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 1;16(4):e0249465. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249465. eCollection 2021.
Fishing communities in many Sub-Saharan African countries are a high-risk population group disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. In Uganda, literature on HIV in fishing communities has grown extensively since the first country's documented case of HIV in a fishing community in 1985. The current study describes the status of the HIV burden, prevention, and treatment in Ugandan fishing communities.
This scoping review was conducted based on the York Framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV incidence, HIV prevalence, HIV-related risk factors, HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy coverage and adherence, and interventions to improve treatment outcomes and reduce HIV risk factors.
RESULTS & CONCLUSION: We identified 52 papers and 2 reports. Thirty-four were quantitative, 17 qualitative, and 3 had a mixed-methods design. Eleven studies reported on the prevalence of HIV and 8 on HIV incidence; 9 studies documented factors associated with HIV incidence or HIV positive status; 10 studies reported on HIV testing coverage and/or associated factors; 7 reported on antiretroviral therapy coverage/adherence/outcomes; and 1 study reported on the impact of combination HIV interventions in fishing communities. This scoping review revealed a significant lack of evidence in terms of what works in HIV prevention and for improving adherence to ART, in contrast to the relatively large amount of evidence from observational quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV prevalence, incidence and related risk factors in Ugandan fishing communities. Intervention studies are urgently needed to fill the current evidence gaps in HIV prevention and ART adherence.
在许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家，渔业社区是受 HIV 流行影响不成比例的高风险人群群体。在乌干达，自 1985 年该国首例 HIV 在渔业社区确诊以来，有关渔业社区 HIV 的文献大量增加。本研究描述了乌干达渔业社区 HIV 负担、预防和治疗的现状。
本范围界定审查基于 Arksey 和 O'Malley 概述的 York 框架进行。我们检索了 PubMed、Embase 和 Web of Science 数据库，以确定有关 HIV 发病率、HIV 流行率、HIV 相关危险因素、HIV 检测、抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率和依从性以及改善治疗结果和减少 HIV 危险因素的干预措施的相关定量和定性研究。
我们确定了 52 篇论文和 2 份报告。其中 34 篇为定量研究，17 篇为定性研究，3 篇为混合方法设计。11 项研究报告了 HIV 流行率，8 项研究报告了 HIV 发病率；9 项研究记录了与 HIV 发病率或 HIV 阳性状态相关的因素；10 项研究报告了 HIV 检测覆盖率和/或相关因素；7 项研究报告了抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率/依从性/结果；1 项研究报告了组合 HIV 干预措施对渔业社区的影响。本范围界定审查显示，在 HIV 预防和改善抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性方面，有效的证据非常缺乏，而关于乌干达渔业社区 HIV 流行率、发病率和相关危险因素的观察性定量和定性研究则提供了相对较多的证据。迫切需要干预研究来填补 HIV 预防和抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性方面的当前证据空白。
