Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 10;781:146739. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146739. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Biomass burning (BB) including forest, bush, prescribed fires, agricultural fires, residential wood combustion, and power generation has long been known to affect climate, air quality and human health. With this work we supply a systematic review on the health effects of BB emissions in the framework of the WHO activities on air pollution. We performed a literature search of online databases (PubMed, ISI, and Scopus) from year 1980 up to 2020. A total of 81 papers were considered as relevant for mortality and morbidity effects. High risk of bias was related with poor estimation of BB exposure and lack of adjustment for important confounders. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations originating from BB were associated with all-cause mortality: the meta-analytical estimate was equal to 1.31% (95% CI 0.71, 1.71) and 1.92% (95% CI -1.19, 5.03) increased mortality per each 10 μg m increase of PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. Regarding cardiovascular mortality 8 studies reported quantitative estimates. For smoky days and for each 10 μg m increase in PM2.5 concentrations, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased by 4.45% (95% CI 0.96, 7.95) and by 3.30% (95% CI -1.97, 8.57), respectively. Fourteen studies evaluated whether respiratory morbidity was adversely related to PM2.5 (9 studies) or PM10 (5 studies) originating from BB. All found positive associations. The pooled effect estimates were 4.10% (95% CI 2.86, 5.34) and 4.83% (95% CI 0.06, 9.60) increased risk of total respiratory admissions/emergency visits, per 10 μg m increases in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Regarding cardiovascular morbidity, sixteen studies evaluated whether this was adversely related to PM2.5 (10 studies) or PM10 (6 studies) originating from BB. They found both positive and negative results, with summary estimates equal to 3.68% (95% CI -1.73, 9.09) and 0.93% (95% CI -0.18, 2.05) increased risk of total cardiovascular admissions/emergency visits, per 10 μg m increases in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. To conclude, a significant number of studies indicate that BB exposure is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and respiratory morbidity.
生物质燃烧（BB）包括森林、灌木、有计划的火灾、农业火灾、居民木材燃烧和发电，长期以来一直被认为会影响气候、空气质量和人类健康。在世界卫生组织（WHO）关于空气污染的活动框架内，我们进行了这项关于 BB 排放对健康影响的系统评价。我们对从 1980 年到 2020 年的在线数据库（PubMed、ISI 和 Scopus）进行了文献检索。共有 81 篇论文被认为与死亡率和发病率的影响有关。高偏倚风险与 BB 暴露的不良估计和缺乏对重要混杂因素的调整有关。源自 BB 的 PM10 和 PM2.5 浓度与全因死亡率有关：meta 分析估计值分别为 1.31%（95%CI 0.71，1.71）和 1.92%（95%CI -1.19，5.03），每增加 10 μg/m3 的 PM10 和 PM2.5，死亡率分别增加 1.31%和 1.92%。关于心血管死亡率，有 8 项研究报告了定量估计值。对于烟雾弥漫的日子，以及 PM2.5 浓度每增加 10μg/m3，心血管死亡率的风险分别增加 4.45%（95%CI 0.96，7.95）和 3.30%（95%CI -1.97，8.57）。有 14 项研究评估了 PM2.5（9 项研究）或 PM10（5 项研究）是否与源自 BB 的呼吸道发病率有关。所有研究都发现了阳性关联。PM2.5 和 PM10 浓度每增加 10μg/m3，PM2.5 和 PM10 引起的呼吸道总住院/急诊就诊风险的汇总效应估计值分别为 4.10%（95%CI 2.86，5.34）和 4.83%（95%CI 0.06，9.60）。关于心血管发病率，有 16 项研究评估了 PM2.5（10 项研究）或 PM10（6 项研究）是否与源自 BB 的心血管发病率有关。它们发现了阳性和阴性结果，PM2.5 和 PM10 浓度每增加 10μg/m3，PM2.5 和 PM10 引起的总心血管住院/急诊就诊风险的汇总估计值分别为 3.68%（95%CI -1.73，9.09）和 0.93%（95%CI -0.18，8.55）。总之，相当多的研究表明，BB 暴露与全因死亡率和心血管死亡率以及呼吸道发病率有关。
