de la Fuente Beatriz, Pallarés Noelia, Barba Francisco J, Berrada Houda
Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida. Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain.
Foods. 2021 Mar 6;10(3):546. doi: 10.3390/foods10030546.
In this study, the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and mycotoxins in sea bass side streams (muscle, head, viscera, skin, and tailfin) was evaluated as a preliminary step to assess the effect of an innovative extraction technique (Pressurized Liquid Extraction; PLE) to obtain antioxidant protein extracts. Then, a response surface methodology-central composite design was used to evaluate and optimize the PLE extraction factors (pH, temperature, and extraction time) in terms of total protein content and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC). Heavy metals were found in all samples while DON mycotoxin only in viscera, both far below the safe limits established by authorities for fish muscle tissue and fish feed, respectively. The selected optimal PLE extraction conditions were pH 7, 20 °C, 5 min for muscle, pH 4, 60 °C, 15 min for heads, pH 7, 50 °C, 15 min for viscera, pH 7, 55 °C, 5 min for skin, and pH 7, 60 °C, 15 min for tailfins. Optimal PLE conditions allowed increasing protein content (1.2-4.5 fold) and antioxidant capacity (1-5 fold) of sea bass side stream extracts compared to controls (conventional extraction). The highest amount of protein was extracted from muscle while the highest protein recovery percentage was found in viscera. Muscle, head, and viscera extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity than skin and tailfin extracts. Moreover, different SDS-PAGE patterns were observed among samples and a greater quantity of protein fragments of lower molecular weight were found in optimal than control extracts.
在本研究中，对海鲈副产物（肌肉、头部、内脏、皮肤和尾鳍）中砷、汞、镉、铅和霉菌毒素的存在情况进行了评估，作为评估一种创新提取技术（加压液体萃取；PLE）以获得抗氧化蛋白提取物效果的初步步骤。然后，采用响应面法-中心复合设计，根据总蛋白含量和总抗氧化能力（TEAC和ORAC）评估并优化PLE提取因子（pH、温度和提取时间）。在所有样品中均检测到重金属，而呕吐毒素仅在内脏中被检测到，两者均远低于当局分别为鱼肉组织和鱼饲料设定的安全限值。选定的最佳PLE提取条件为：肌肉：pH 7、20℃、5分钟；头部：pH 4、60℃、15分钟；内脏：pH 7、50℃、15分钟；皮肤：pH 7、55℃、5分钟；尾鳍：pH 7、60℃、15分钟。与对照（传统提取）相比，最佳PLE条件可使海鲈副产物提取物的蛋白质含量（提高1.2 - 4.5倍）和抗氧化能力（提高1 - 5倍）增加。从肌肉中提取的蛋白质含量最高，而在内脏中发现的蛋白质回收率最高。肌肉、头部和内脏提取物的抗氧化能力高于皮肤和尾鳍提取物。此外，在样品之间观察到不同的SDS-PAGE图谱，与对照提取物相比，在最佳提取物中发现了更多低分子量的蛋白质片段。
