Vikmoen Olav, Rønnestad Bent R
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Elverum, Norway.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 Mar 17;6(1):29. doi: 10.3390/jfmk6010029.
During the last decade numerous review articles have been published on how concurrent strength and endurance training affect cycling performance. However, none of these have reviewed if there are any sex differences in the effects of concurrent training on cycling performance, and most research in this area has been performed with male cyclists. Thus, the aim of the current paper is to review the scientific literature on the effect of concurrent training on cycling performance in male and female cyclists with a special emphasis on potential sex differences. The results indicate that both male and female cyclists experience a similar beneficial effect from concurrent training on cycling performance and its physiological determinants compared to normal endurance training only. Some data indicate that women have a larger effect on cycling economy, but more studies are needed to explore this further. Furthermore, the adaptations to strength training thought to be responsible for the beneficial effects on cycling performance seem to be very similar between men and women. Interestingly, increased muscle cross-sectional area in the main locomotor muscles seems to be an important adaptation for improved performance, and, contrary to popular belief, cyclists should aim for increased muscle cross-sectional area when adding strength training to their normal training. We conclude that both male and female cyclists can improve their cycling performance by adding strength training to their normal training.
在过去十年间，已经发表了大量关于力量与耐力同步训练如何影响骑行表现的综述文章。然而，这些文章均未探讨同步训练对骑行表现的影响是否存在性别差异，且该领域的大多数研究都是以男性自行车运动员为对象开展的。因此，本文旨在综述关于同步训练对男性和女性自行车运动员骑行表现影响的科学文献，特别关注潜在的性别差异。结果表明，与仅进行常规耐力训练相比，男性和女性自行车运动员通过同步训练在骑行表现及其生理决定因素方面都经历了类似的有益效果。一些数据表明，女性在骑行经济性方面的效果更显著，但还需要更多研究来进一步探究。此外，男性和女性在力量训练适应性方面似乎非常相似，而这种适应性被认为是对骑行表现产生有益影响的原因。有趣的是，主要运动肌肉的肌肉横截面积增加似乎是提高表现的重要适应性变化，与普遍看法相反，自行车运动员在常规训练中加入力量训练时应致力于增加肌肉横截面积。我们得出结论，男性和女性自行车运动员都可以通过在常规训练中加入力量训练来提高骑行表现。
