Berryman Nicolas, Mujika Inigo, Arvisais Denis, Roubeix Marie, Binet Carl, Bosquet Laurent
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018 Jan 1;13(1):57-63. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0032. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
To assess the net effects of strength training on middle- and long-distance performance through a meta-analysis of the available literature.
Three databases were searched, from which 28 of 554 potential studies met all inclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated and weighted by the inverse of variance to calculate an overall effect and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether the strength-training intensity, duration, and frequency and population performance level, age, sex, and sport were outcomes that might influence the magnitude of the effect.
The implementation of a strength-training mesocycle in running, cycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming was associated with moderate improvements in middle- and long-distance performance (net SMD [95%CI] = 0.52 [0.33-0.70]). These results were associated with improvements in the energy cost of locomotion (0.65 [0.32-0.98]), maximal force (0.99 [0.80-1.18]), and maximal power (0.50 [0.34-0.67]). Maximal-force training led to greater improvements than other intensities. Subgroup analyses also revealed that beneficial effects on performance were consistent irrespective of the athletes' level.
Taken together, these results provide a framework that supports the implementation of strength training in addition to traditional sport-specific training to improve middle- and long-distance performance, mainly through improvements in the energy cost of locomotion, maximal power, and maximal strength.
通过对现有文献的荟萃分析，评估力量训练对中长跑成绩的净效应。
检索了三个数据库，554项潜在研究中有28项符合所有纳入标准。计算标准化均数差（SMD），并以方差倒数加权计算总体效应及其95%置信区间（CI）。进行亚组分析，以确定力量训练的强度、持续时间、频率以及人群的成绩水平、年龄、性别和运动项目是否会影响效应大小。
在跑步、自行车、越野滑雪和游泳项目中实施力量训练中周期与中长跑成绩的适度提高相关（净SMD [95%CI] = 0.52 [0.33 - 0.70]）。这些结果与运动能量消耗的改善（0.65 [0.32 - 0.98]）、最大力量（0.99 [0.80 - 1.18]）和最大功率（0.50 [0.34 - 0.67]）有关。最大力量训练比其他强度训练带来更大的改善。亚组分析还显示，无论运动员水平如何，对成绩的有益影响都是一致的。
综上所述，这些结果提供了一个框架，支持在传统专项运动训练之外实施力量训练，以提高中长跑成绩，主要是通过改善运动能量消耗、最大功率和最大力量来实现。
