Alves Ana, Cordeiro Daniela, Correia Sandra, Miguel Célia
BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Mar 9;10(3):504. doi: 10.3390/plants10030504.
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are molecules with important regulatory functions during development and environmental responses across all groups of terrestrial plants. In seed plants, the development of a mature embryo from the zygote follows a synchronized cell division sequence, and growth and differentiation events regulated by highly regulated gene expression. However, given the distinct features of the initial stages of embryogenesis in gymnosperms and angiosperms, it is relevant to investigate to what extent such differences emerge from differential regulation mediated by sncRNAs. Within these, the microRNAs (miRNAs) are the best characterized class, and while many miRNAs are conserved and significantly represented across angiosperms and other seed plants during embryogenesis, some miRNA families are specific to some plant lineages. Being a model to study zygotic embryogenesis and a relevant biotechnological tool, we systematized the current knowledge on the presence and characterization of miRNAs in somatic embryogenesis (SE) of seed plants, pinpointing the miRNAs that have been reported to be associated with SE in angiosperm and gymnosperm species. We start by conducting an overview of sncRNA expression profiles in the embryonic tissues of seed plants. We then highlight the miRNAs described as being involved in the different stages of the SE process, from its induction to the full maturation of the somatic embryos, adding references to zygotic embryogenesis when relevant, as a contribution towards a better understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation of SE.
小非编码RNA（sncRNAs）是在所有陆生植物类群的发育和环境响应过程中具有重要调节功能的分子。在种子植物中，从合子发育成成熟胚遵循同步的细胞分裂序列，其生长和分化事件受高度调控的基因表达所调节。然而，鉴于裸子植物和被子植物胚胎发生初始阶段的独特特征，研究这种差异在多大程度上源于sncRNAs介导的差异调节是有意义的。其中，微小RNA（miRNAs）是特征最明确的一类，虽然许多miRNAs在胚胎发生过程中在被子植物和其他种子植物中是保守的且大量存在，但一些miRNA家族是某些植物谱系所特有的。作为研究合子胚胎发生的模型和一种相关的生物技术工具，我们系统整理了种子植物体细胞胚胎发生（SE）中miRNAs的存在和特征方面的现有知识，确定了已报道的与被子植物和裸子植物物种的SE相关的miRNAs。我们首先概述了种子植物胚胎组织中sncRNA的表达谱。然后，我们重点介绍了被描述为参与SE过程不同阶段的miRNAs，从其诱导到体细胞胚的完全成熟，并在相关时添加合子胚胎发生的参考文献，以有助于更好地理解miRNA介导的SE调节。
