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老年人在面对感官丧失时的生活经历、应对方式及管理情况。

Older People's Experiences of Living with, Responding to and Managing Sensory Loss.

作者信息

Ho I Ching, Chenoweth Lynn, Williams Anna

机构信息

Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Centre of Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

出版信息

Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Mar 15;9(3):329. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9030329.

Abstract

(1) Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in sensory function (sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell), which play an important role in the maintenance of an older person's health, independence and well-being. (2) Methods: This qualitative study obtained data through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of thirteen community-dwelling adults 65 years and older. Themes were derived inductively, guided by semi-structured interviews. (3) Results: Twelve participants had two or more sensory impairments, mainly concurrent hearing and vision, which became apparent when a situation/individual alerted them to change/s occurring. They were less aware of impaired smell, taste and touch. Sensory changes impacted on important life functions, prompting many participants to take measured risks in maintaining their independence. Half (seven) of the participants lacked motivation to manage sensory function through goal-directed behaviour, taking remedial actions only when this was relevant to lifestyle preferences. (4) Conclusions: Internal and/or external triggers of sensory changes did not generally motivate remedial action. Health professionals can help to improve older people's attention to sensory impairment by routinely discussing sensory function with them, screening for sensory changes and facilitating early intervention and support.

摘要

(1) 背景:衰老与感觉功能(视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉和嗅觉)的衰退有关,这些感觉功能在维持老年人的健康、独立和幸福方面起着重要作用。(2) 方法:本定性研究通过对13名65岁及以上社区居住成年人的便利样本进行面对面半结构化访谈来获取数据。主题通过半结构化访谈归纳得出。(3) 结果:12名参与者有两种或更多种感觉障碍,主要是听力和视力同时受损,当某种情况/个体使他们意识到发生的变化时,这种障碍就变得明显。他们对嗅觉、味觉和触觉受损的意识较低。感觉变化影响了重要的生活功能,促使许多参与者在维持独立时冒一定风险。一半(7名)参与者缺乏通过目标导向行为来管理感觉功能的动力,仅在与生活方式偏好相关时才采取补救措施。(4) 结论:感觉变化的内部和/或外部触发因素通常不会促使采取补救行动。卫生专业人员可以通过定期与老年人讨论感觉功能、筛查感觉变化以及促进早期干预和支持,来帮助提高老年人对感觉障碍的关注度。

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