Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore, 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 1;18(5):2399. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052399.
Lung cancer still represents the leading cause of cancer-related death, globally. Likewise, malnutrition and inactivity represent a major risk for loss of functional pulmonary capacities influencing overall lung cancer severity. Therefore, the adhesion to an appropriate health lifestyle is crucial in the management of lung cancer patients despite the subtype of cancer. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge about dietary approaches as well as physical activity as the major factors that decrease the risk towards lung cancer, and improve the response to therapies. We discuss the most significant dietary schemes positively associated to body composition and prognosis of lung cancer and the main molecular processes regulated by specific diet schemes, functional foods and physical activity, i.e., inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we report evidence demonstrating that dysbiosis of lung and/or gut microbiome, as well as their interconnection (the gut-lung axis), are strictly related to dietary patterns and regular physical activity playing a key role in lung cancer formation and progression, opening to the avenue of modulating the microbiome as coadjuvant therapy. Altogether, the evidence reported in this review highlights the necessity to consider non-pharmacological interventions (nutrition and physical activity) as effective adjunctive strategies in the management of lung cancer.
肺癌仍然是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。同样，营养不良和缺乏运动是导致肺功能丧失的主要风险因素，影响整体肺癌的严重程度。因此，尽管癌症亚型不同，坚持适当的健康生活方式对于肺癌患者的管理至关重要。
本篇综述旨在总结有关饮食方法和身体活动的现有知识，这些方法是降低肺癌风险和提高治疗反应的主要因素。我们讨论了与肺癌患者的身体成分和预后呈正相关的最重要的饮食方案，以及特定饮食方案、功能性食品和身体活动调节的主要分子过程，如炎症和氧化应激。最后，我们报告了证据表明，肺部和/或肠道微生物组的失调，以及它们的相互联系（肠道-肺部轴），与饮食模式和有规律的身体活动密切相关，在肺癌的形成和发展中起着关键作用，为调节微生物组作为辅助治疗开辟了途径。
总之，本综述中报告的证据强调了将非药物干预（营养和身体活动）视为肺癌管理的有效辅助策略的必要性。
