Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 24;18(7):3330. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073330.
Telecommuting is a flexible form of work that has progressively spread over the last 40 years and which has been strongly encouraged by the measures to limit the COVID-19 pandemic. There is still limited evidence on the effects it has on workers' health. In this survey we invited 905 workers of companies that made a limited use of telecommuting to fill out a questionnaire to evaluate intrusive leadership of managers (IL), the request for work outside traditional hours (OFF-TAJD), workaholism (Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS)), effort/reward imbalance (ERI), happiness, and common mental issues (CMIs), anxiety and depression, assessed by the Goldberg scale (GADS). The interaction between these variables has been studied by structural equation modeling (SEM). Intrusive leadership and working after hours were significantly associated with occupational stress. Workaholism is a relevant moderator of this interaction: intrusive leadership significantly increased the stress of workaholic workers. Intrusive leadership and overtime work were associated with reduced happiness, anxiety, and depression. These results indicate the need to guarantee the right to disconnect to limit the effect of the OFF-TAJD. In addition to this, companies should implement policies to prevent intrusive leadership and workaholism.
远程办公是一种灵活的工作形式，在过去的 40 年中逐渐普及，并得到了限制 COVID-19 大流行措施的大力支持。关于它对工人健康的影响，目前仍缺乏有限的证据。在这项调查中，我们邀请了 905 名在公司中有限使用远程办公的员工填写问卷，以评估经理的侵扰性领导（IL）、要求在传统工作时间之外工作（OFF-TAJD）、工作狂（Bergen 工作成瘾量表（BWAS））、努力/回报失衡（ERI）、幸福感和常见心理问题（CMIs）、焦虑和抑郁，通过戈德堡量表（GADS）评估。通过结构方程模型（SEM）研究了这些变量之间的相互作用。侵扰性领导和加班工作与职业压力显著相关。工作狂是这种相互作用的一个重要调节因素：侵扰性领导显著增加了工作狂的压力。侵扰性领导和加班工作与幸福感、焦虑和抑郁降低有关。这些结果表明，有必要保障员工的断连权，以限制加班工作的影响。除此之外，公司还应实施预防侵扰性领导和工作狂的政策。
