Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Cells. 2021 Mar 13;10(3):641. doi: 10.3390/cells10030641.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary artery occlusion, or myocardial infarction (MI) causes massive loss of cardiomyocytes. The ischemia area is eventually replaced by a fibrotic scar. From the mechanical dysfunctions of the scar in electronic transduction, contraction and compliance, pathological cardiac dilation and heart failure develops. Once end-stage heart failure occurs, the only option is to perform heart transplantation. The sequential changes are termed cardiac remodeling, and are due to the lack of endogenous regenerative actions in the adult human heart. Regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering strategies have been pursued to repair the damaged heart and to restore normal cardiac function. Such strategies include both cellular and acellular products, in combination with biomaterials. In addition, substantial progress has been made to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying heart repair and regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss current therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair and provide a perspective on novel strategies that holding potential opportunities for future research and clinical translation.
心血管疾病（CVD）仍然是全球范围内的主要死亡原因。冠状动脉闭塞或心肌梗死（MI）导致大量心肌细胞丧失。缺血区域最终被纤维疤痕取代。由于疤痕在电子转导、收缩和顺应性方面的机械功能障碍，病理性心脏扩张和心力衰竭发展。一旦发生终末期心力衰竭，唯一的选择是进行心脏移植。这种连续的变化被称为心脏重构，是由于成人心脏缺乏内源性再生作用所致。再生医学和生物医学工程策略已被用于修复受损心脏并恢复正常心脏功能。这些策略包括细胞和无细胞产品，与生物材料结合使用。此外，在阐明心脏修复和再生的分子和细胞机制方面已经取得了实质性进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了目前用于心脏修复的治疗方法，并对具有未来研究和临床转化潜力的新策略提供了一个视角。
