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电化学生物传感器用于细胞因子分析：近期进展及未来展望。

Electrochemical Biosensors for Cytokine Profiling: Recent Advancements and Possibilities in the Near Future.

机构信息

School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

出版信息

Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Mar 23;11(3):94. doi: 10.3390/bios11030094.

DOI:10.3390/bios11030094
PMID:33806879
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8004910/
Abstract

Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by immune cells that act as molecular messengers relaying instructions and mediating various functions performed by the cellular counterparts of the immune system, by means of a synchronized cascade of signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of cytokines can be indicative of anomalous behavior of the immunoregulatory system, as seen in various illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and other physiological disorders. Cancer and autoimmune diseases are particularly adept at developing mechanisms to escape and modulate the immune system checkpoints, reflected by an altered cytokine profile. Cytokine profiling can provide valuable information for diagnosing such diseases and monitoring their progression, as well as assessing the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regiments. Toward this goal, there has been immense interest in the development of ultrasensitive quantitative detection techniques for cytokines, which involves technologies from various scientific disciplines, such as immunology, electrochemistry, photometry, nanotechnology and electronics. This review focusses on one aspect of this collective effort: electrochemical biosensors. Among the various types of biosensors available, electrochemical biosensors are one of the most reliable, user-friendly, easy to manufacture, cost-effective and versatile technologies that can yield results within a short period of time, making it extremely promising for routine clinical testing.

摘要

细胞因子是免疫细胞分泌的可溶性蛋白，作为分子信使，通过信号通路的同步级联反应，传递指令并调节免疫系统细胞对应物执行的各种功能。细胞因子的异常表达可能表明免疫调节系统的异常行为，如在各种疾病和病症中，如癌症、自身免疫、神经退行性变和其他生理紊乱。癌症和自身免疫性疾病特别擅长开发逃避和调节免疫系统检查点的机制，这反映在细胞因子谱的改变上。细胞因子谱分析可为诊断这些疾病以及监测其进展提供有价值的信息，还可评估免疫治疗方案的疗效。为此，人们对开发用于细胞因子的超灵敏定量检测技术产生了浓厚的兴趣，其中涉及免疫学、电化学、光度法、纳米技术和电子学等多个科学学科的技术。本综述重点介绍了这一共同努力的一个方面：电化学生物传感器。在现有的各种生物传感器中，电化学生物传感器是最可靠、用户友好、易于制造、具有成本效益且用途广泛的技术之一，它可以在短时间内产生结果，因此非常有希望用于常规临床检测。

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