Ferro Matteo, La Civita Evelina, Liotti Antonietta, Cennamo Michele, Tortora Fabiana, Buonerba Carlo, Crocetto Felice, Lucarelli Giuseppe, Busetto Gian Maria, Del Giudice Francesco, de Cobelli Ottavio, Carrieri Giuseppe, Porreca Angelo, Cimmino Amelia, Terracciano Daniela
Department of Urology of European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2021 Mar 23;11(3):237. doi: 10.3390/jpm11030237.
Bladder cancer (BC) is characterized by high incidence and recurrence rates together with genomic instability and elevated mutation degree. Currently, cystoscopy combined with cytology is routinely used for diagnosis, prognosis and disease surveillance. Such an approach is often associated with several side effects, discomfort for the patient and high economic burden. Thus, there is an essential demand of non-invasive, sensitive, fast and inexpensive biomarkers for clinical management of BC patients. In this context, liquid biopsy represents a very promising tool that has been widely investigated over the last decade. Liquid biopsy will likely be at the basis of patient selection for precision medicine, both in terms of treatment choice and real-time monitoring of therapeutic effects. Several different urinary biomarkers have been proposed for liquid biopsy in BC, including DNA methylation and mutations, protein-based assays, non-coding RNAs and mRNA signatures. In this review, we summarized the state of the art on different available tests concerning their potential clinical applications for BC detection, prognosis, surveillance and response to therapy.
膀胱癌（BC）的特点是发病率和复发率高，伴有基因组不稳定和突变程度升高。目前，膀胱镜检查结合细胞学检查常用于诊断、预后评估和疾病监测。这种方法常常伴随着多种副作用、患者不适以及高昂的经济负担。因此，对于膀胱癌患者的临床管理而言，迫切需要非侵入性、灵敏、快速且廉价的生物标志物。在此背景下，液体活检是一种非常有前景的工具，在过去十年中得到了广泛研究。液体活检很可能会成为精准医学中患者选择的基础，无论是在治疗选择还是治疗效果的实时监测方面。已经提出了几种不同的尿液生物标志物用于膀胱癌的液体活检，包括DNA甲基化和突变、基于蛋白质的检测、非编码RNA和mRNA特征。在这篇综述中，我们总结了不同现有检测方法的最新进展，以及它们在膀胱癌检测、预后评估、监测和治疗反应方面的潜在临床应用。
