Gao Tai, Shi Juan
Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Insects. 2021 Mar 5;12(3):222. doi: 10.3390/insects12030222.
Wood wasp species in the genus are known pests of forestry. They cause significant economic losses due to their impacts on plant health and wood quality. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and North America, is known to negatively impact forestry, infesting , , , , , and species. This pest destroys plants by depositing eggs, mucus, and its obligate mutualistic fungus, Its obligate mutualistic fungus is to provide nutrition for larva. Despite its extensive distribution range, little is known about which environmental variables significantly impact current and future distribution patterns of for pest control and monitoring. Here we used the maximum entropy model in conjunction with occurrence points of and environmental variables to predict the current and future global potential distribution of . We used the jackknife method and Pearson's correlation analysis to select the environmental variables that influence the geographic distribution of , which resulted in the inclusion of the monthly average maximum temperature in February, the max temperature of warmest month, monthly average minimum temperature in July, monthly total precipitation in June, precipitation of the driest month, monthly total precipitation in September, and the temperature annual range. Temperature and precipitation are mainly likely to drive the distribution enabled by its obligate mutualistic fungus and the potential to co-infect with other species. The high temperature and low humidity influence eggs and larvae directly and indirectly via fungus-growth, which enables the larvae to survive. Furthermore, may increase its distribution to moderately suitable areas due to competition or dependency on other species during the infestation. Under the future climatic conditions, the highly suitable area increased by 32.79%, while the moderately suitable area, low suitable area, and unsuitable area increased by 28.14%, 3.30%, and 2.15%. Under climate changes, may spread in previously unsuitable areas rapidly.
木蜂属的木蜂种类是已知的林业害虫。它们对植物健康和木材质量造成影响，从而导致重大经济损失。（膜翅目：树蜂科）广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美洲，已知会对林业产生负面影响，侵害 、 、 、 、 及 等树种。这种害虫通过产卵、分泌黏液以及其专性共生真菌来破坏植物。其专性共生真菌为木蜂幼虫提供营养。尽管其分布范围广泛，但对于哪些环境变量会显著影响木蜂当前和未来的分布模式以进行害虫控制和监测，人们了解甚少。在此，我们使用最大熵模型结合木蜂的出现点位和环境变量来预测木蜂当前和未来的全球潜在分布。我们使用刀切法和皮尔逊相关分析来选择影响木蜂地理分布的环境变量，结果纳入了2月的月平均最高温度、最暖月的最高温度、7月的月平均最低温度、6月的月总降水量、最干月的降水量、9月的月总降水量以及温度年较差。温度和降水主要可能通过其专性共生真菌以及与其他木蜂种类共同感染的可能性来驱动其分布。高温和低湿度直接或间接通过真菌生长影响木蜂的卵和幼虫，这使得幼虫能够存活。此外，在侵染过程中，由于竞争或对其他木蜂种类的依赖，木蜂可能会将其分布范围扩大到适度适宜的区域。在未来气候条件下，高度适宜区域增加了32.79%，而中度适宜区域、低度适宜区域和不适宜区域分别增加了28.14%、3.30%和2.15%。在气候变化的情况下，木蜂可能会迅速扩散到以前不适宜的区域。
