Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC RIBP 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France.
Bi-PA nv, Londerzee l1840, Belgium.
Molecules. 2021 Mar 19;26(6):1720. doi: 10.3390/molecules26061720.
Rare sugars are monosaccharides with a limited availability in the nature and almost unknown biological functions. The use of industrial enzymatic and microbial processes greatly reduced their production costs, making research on these molecules more accessible. Since then, the number of studies on their medical/clinical applications grew and rare sugars emerged as potential candidates to replace conventional sugars in human nutrition thanks to their beneficial health effects. More recently, the potential use of rare sugars in agriculture was also highlighted. However, overviews and critical evaluations on this topic are missing. This review aims to provide the current knowledge about the effects of rare sugars on the organisms of the farming ecosystem, with an emphasis on their mode of action and practical use as an innovative tool for sustainable agriculture. Some rare sugars can impact the plant growth and immune responses by affecting metabolic homeostasis and the hormonal signaling pathways. These properties could be used for the development of new herbicides, plant growth regulators and resistance inducers. Other rare sugars also showed antinutritional properties on some phytopathogens and biocidal activity against some plant pests, highlighting their promising potential for the development of new sustainable pesticides. Their low risk for human health also makes them safe and ecofriendly alternatives to agrochemicals.
稀有糖是自然界中含量有限且几乎未知生物功能的单糖。工业酶和微生物过程的使用大大降低了它们的生产成本，使得对这些分子的研究更容易进行。从那时起，对它们在医学/临床应用的研究不断增加，由于稀有糖对健康有益的影响，它们成为了在人类营养中替代传统糖的潜在候选物。最近，稀有糖在农业中的潜在用途也得到了强调。然而，关于这个主题的综述和批判性评价却很少。本综述旨在提供关于稀有糖对农业生态系统中生物体的影响的最新知识，重点介绍它们作为可持续农业创新工具的作用方式和实际应用。一些稀有糖可以通过影响代谢平衡和激素信号通路来影响植物的生长和免疫反应。这些特性可用于开发新型除草剂、植物生长调节剂和抗性诱导剂。其他稀有糖对一些植物病原菌也具有抗营养特性，并对一些植物害虫具有杀菌活性，这突出了它们在开发新型可持续农药方面的广阔前景。由于它们对人类健康的低风险，它们成为了对人体安全且对环境友好的农用化学品替代品。
