Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Independencia, 8380000 Santiago, Chile.
Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Sergio Livingstone #1007, Independencia, 8380492 Santiago, Chile.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;21(6):2067. doi: 10.3390/s21062067.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), considered a common type of dementia, is mainly characterized by a progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions. Although its cause is multifactorial, it has been associated with the accumulation of toxic aggregates of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau protein. At present, the development of highly sensitive, high cost-effective, and non-invasive diagnostic tools for AD remains a challenge. In the last decades, nanomaterials have emerged as an interesting and useful tool in nanomedicine for diagnostics and therapy. In particular, plasmonic nanoparticles are well-known to display unique optical properties derived from their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), allowing their use as transducers in various sensing configurations and enhancing detection sensitivity. Herein, this review focuses on current advances in in vitro sensing techniques such as Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), colorimetric, and LSPR using plasmonic nanoparticles for improving the sensitivity in the detection of main biomarkers related to AD in body fluids. Additionally, we refer to the use of plasmonic nanoparticles for in vivo imaging studies in AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD），被认为是一种常见的痴呆症，主要表现为记忆和认知功能的进行性丧失。尽管其病因是多因素的，但它与淀粉样β肽（Aβ）的毒性聚集物和tau 蛋白的神经原纤维缠结（NFTs）的积累有关。目前，开发用于 AD 的高灵敏度、高性价比和非侵入性诊断工具仍然是一个挑战。在过去的几十年中，纳米材料作为纳米医学中的一种有趣且有用的工具出现，用于诊断和治疗。特别是，等离子体纳米粒子由于其局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）而显示出独特的光学性质，这使得它们可以用作各种传感配置中的换能器，并提高检测灵敏度。本文重点介绍了使用等离子体纳米粒子的体外传感技术的最新进展，例如表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）、表面增强荧光（SEF）、比色法和 LSPR，以提高在体液中检测与 AD 相关的主要生物标志物的灵敏度。此外，我们还提到了等离子体纳米粒子在 AD 体内成像研究中的应用。
