Al Hamada Ali, Habib Ihab, Bruce Mieghan, Barnes Anne, Robertson Ian D
School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;11(3):836. doi: 10.3390/ani11030836.
In this study, sera from 240 small ruminants (192 sheep and 48 goats) belonging to 12 farms in Dohuk Province, northern Iraq, were collected on two occasions to investigate the incidence risk of seroconversion to spp. and . All selected animals were confirmed pregnant (approximately 2 months pregnant) by ultrasound examination at the time of the first blood collection. A second ultrasound examination and blood sampling were undertaken two months after the initial scanning/sampling. Antibodies to were tested using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), and the results were interpreted in series. The Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) were also used in series to confirm the presence of antibodies to . The seroprevalence for and increased significantly between the two sampling times ( = 0.0003 and 0.03 in first and second sampling, respectively). The incidence risk of seroconversion to over the two months was 10.6% (95% CI: 6.9-15.3) and 7.3% (95% CI: 4.3-11.6) for . Animals that seroconverted to were 2.9 times more likely to lose their pregnancy (95% CI: 1.6-5.5) than animals that remained seronegative; however, seroconversion to had no significant impact on loss of pregnancy. This study is the first reported investigation on the association of seroconversion to and with the reproductive outcome of pregnant sheep and goats in northern Iraq. Brucellosis and toxoplasmosis continue to negatively impact small ruminants' reproductive performance and compromising food security in Iraq. It is hoped that this study will assist the development of a better-informed economic model to estimate and burden in small animals in northern Iraq, and such a model could be used to validate the impact of various potential intervention programs in.
在本研究中，从伊拉克北部杜胡克省12个农场的240只小反刍动物（192只绵羊和48只山羊）采集血清，分两次采集以调查血清转化为[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]的发病风险。在首次采血时，通过超声检查确认所有选定动物均已怀孕（约怀孕2个月）。在初次扫描/采样两个月后进行第二次超声检查和采血。使用玫瑰红试验（RBT）和间接酶联免疫吸附测定（iELISA）检测针对[具体物种1]的抗体，并对结果进行串联解读。还串联使用乳胶凝集试验（LAT）和间接酶联免疫吸附测定（iELISA）来确认针对[具体物种2]的抗体的存在。在两次采样期间，针对[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]的血清阳性率显著增加（首次采样和第二次采样时分别为 = 0.0003和0.03）。在两个月内血清转化为[具体物种1]的发病风险为10.6%（95%置信区间：6.9 - 15.3），针对[具体物种2]为7.3%（95%置信区间：4.3 - 11.6）。血清转化为[具体物种1]的动物比血清阴性的动物失去妊娠的可能性高2.9倍（95%置信区间：1.6 - 5.5）；然而，血清转化为[具体物种2]对妊娠丢失没有显著影响。本研究是首次报道的关于伊拉克北部怀孕绵羊和山羊血清转化为[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]与生殖结局之间关联的调查。布鲁氏菌病和弓形虫病继续对小反刍动物的生殖性能产生负面影响，并损害伊拉克的粮食安全。希望本研究将有助于制定一个更明智的经济模型，以估计伊拉克北部小型动物中[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]的负担，并且这样的模型可用于验证各种潜在干预计划的影响。
