Machado Tiago F, Serra M Elisa Silva, Murtinho Dina, Valente Artur J M, Naushad Mu
University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Mar 22;13(6):970. doi: 10.3390/polym13060970.
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are an exciting new class of microporous polymers with unprecedented properties in organic material chemistry. They are generally built from rigid, geometrically defined organic building blocks resulting in robust, covalently bonded crystalline networks that extend in two or three dimensions. By strategically combining monomers with specific structures and properties, synthesized COF materials can be fine-tuned and controlled at the atomic level, with unparalleled precision on intrapore chemical environment; moreover, the unusually high pore accessibility allows for easy post-synthetic pore wall modification after the COF is synthesized. Overall, COFs combine high, permanent porosity and surface area with high thermal and chemical stability, crystallinity and customizability, making them ideal candidates for a myriad of promising new solutions in a vast number of scientific fields, with widely varying applications such as gas adsorption and storage, pollutant removal, degradation and separation, advanced filtration, heterogeneous catalysis, chemical sensing, biomedical applications, energy storage and production and a vast array of optoelectronic solutions. This review attempts to give a brief insight on COF history, the overall strategies and techniques for rational COF synthesis and post-synthetic functionalization, as well as a glance at the exponentially growing field of COF research, summarizing their main properties and introducing the numerous technological and industrial state of the art applications, with noteworthy examples found in the literature.
共价有机框架（COFs）是一类令人兴奋的新型微孔聚合物，在有机材料化学领域具有前所未有的特性。它们通常由刚性的、几何形状明确的有机结构单元构建而成，形成坚固的、共价键合的晶体网络，这些网络在二维或三维空间中延伸。通过策略性地将具有特定结构和性质的单体组合在一起，合成的COF材料可以在原子水平上进行微调与控制，在孔内化学环境方面具有无与伦比的精度；此外，极高的孔隙可及性使得在COF合成后易于进行合成后孔壁修饰。总体而言，COFs兼具高的、永久性的孔隙率和表面积以及高的热稳定性、化学稳定性、结晶性和可定制性，使其成为众多科学领域中无数有前景的新解决方案的理想候选材料，具有广泛的应用，如气体吸附与存储、污染物去除、降解与分离、先进过滤、多相催化、化学传感、生物医学应用、能量存储与生产以及大量的光电解决方案。本综述试图简要介绍COF的历史、合理合成COF以及合成后功能化的总体策略和技术，同时浏览一下COF研究呈指数级增长的领域，总结其主要特性，并介绍众多技术和工业领域的前沿应用，文中还列举了一些值得注意的例子。
