Prussi M, Scarlat N, Acciaro M, Kosmas V
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
Kühne Logistics University KLU, Hamburg, Germany.
J Clean Prod. 2021 Apr 1;291:125849. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125849.
The maritime sector is a key asset for the world economy, but its environmental impact represents a major concern. The sector is primarily supplied with Heavy Fuel Oil, which results in high pollutant emissions. The sector has set targets for deacrbonisation, and alternative fuels have been identified as a short-to medium-term option. The paper addresses the complexity related to the activities of the maritime industry, and discusses the possible contribution of alternative fuels. A sector segmentation is proposed to define the consumption of each sub-segment, so to compare it with the current alternative fuel availability at European level. The paper shows that costs and GHG savings are fundamental enablers for the uptake of alternative fuels, but other aspects are also crucial: technical maturity, safety regulation, expertise needed, etc. The demand for alternative fuels has to be supported by an existing, reliable infrastructure, and this is not yet the case for many solutions (i.e. electricity, hydrogen or methanol). Various options are already available for maritime sector, but the future mix of fuels used will depend on technology improvements, availability, costs and the real potential for GHG emissions reduction.
海运业是世界经济的关键资产，但其对环境的影响令人深感担忧。该行业主要使用重质燃料油，这导致了高污染物排放。该行业已设定了脱碳目标，替代燃料已被确定为短期至中期的选择。本文探讨了与海运业活动相关的复杂性，并讨论了替代燃料可能做出的贡献。提出了一种行业细分方法来定义每个子行业的消费量，以便将其与欧洲层面目前的替代燃料供应情况进行比较。本文表明，成本和温室气体减排是采用替代燃料的基本推动因素，但其他方面也至关重要：技术成熟度、安全法规、所需专业知识等。替代燃料的需求必须有现有的可靠基础设施作为支撑，而许多解决方案（如电力、氢气或甲醇）目前尚不具备这一条件。海运业已经有多种选择，但未来使用的燃料组合将取决于技术改进、供应情况、成本以及温室气体减排的实际潜力。
