Siachpazidou Dimitra I, Stavrou Vasileios T, Astara Kyriaki, Pastaka Chaido, Gogou Eudoxia, Hatzoglou Chrissi, Economou Nicholas-Tiberio, Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I
Laboratory of Respiratory Sleep Disorders, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
Tanaffos. 2020 Jul;19(3):176-185.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder with high prevalence among adults and is an independent risk factor for various diseases, especially those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is usually the optimal choice of treatment for OSAS. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting a large proportion of the elderly population. The purpose of this study was to collect information concerning the two pathological entities and investigate the effectiveness of CPAP in the treatment of AD.
In this review, Twenty articles were found concerning OSAS and AD, of which one article was about treatment with donepezil and seven articles considered treatment with CPAP.
Serious OSAS and short sleep duration are associated with a high risk of developing dementia. Respiratory distress during sleep is associated with developing mild cognitive impairment at younger ages. The cerebrovascular damage of AD patients is correlated with the severity of OSAS. Lower cerebrospinal fluid levels are associated with memory disturbances and oxygen saturation parameters in patients with OSAS-AD. Continuous use of CPAP is related to the delayed onset of cognitive impairment and is suggested as an effective method of protecting cognitive function, depression, sleep quality and architecture, and daytime sleepiness in AD patients with good compliance. Treatment of CPAP patients with OSAS-AD is suggested as an effective method of protecting cognitive function.
Clinicians dealing with AD patients should consider CPAP treatment when OSAS coexists.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）是一种在成年人中患病率较高的疾病，是多种疾病尤其是影响中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的独立危险因素。持续气道正压通气（CPAP）通常是OSAS治疗的最佳选择。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种影响很大一部分老年人群的神经退行性疾病。本研究的目的是收集有关这两种病理实体的信息，并研究CPAP治疗AD的有效性。
在本综述中，发现了20篇关于OSAS和AD的文章，其中1篇是关于多奈哌齐治疗的，7篇考虑了CPAP治疗。
严重OSAS和短睡眠时间与患痴呆症的高风险相关。睡眠期间的呼吸窘迫与年轻时发生轻度认知障碍有关。AD患者的脑血管损伤与OSAS的严重程度相关。脑脊液水平降低与OSAS-AD患者的记忆障碍和血氧饱和度参数有关。持续使用CPAP与认知障碍的延迟发作有关，并被认为是保护AD患者认知功能、抑郁、睡眠质量和结构以及日间嗜睡的有效方法，且依从性良好。对于OSAS-AD患者，CPAP治疗被认为是保护认知功能的有效方法。
诊治AD患者的临床医生在OSAS并存时应考虑CPAP治疗。
