Wyse Cathy, O'Malley Grace, Coogan Andrew N, McConkey Sam, Smith Daniel J
School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin, Ireland.
Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
iScience. 2021 Mar 1;24(4):102255. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102255. eCollection 2021 Apr 23.
Seasonal disease outbreaks are perennial features of human infectious disease but the factors generating these patterns are unclear. Here we investigate seasonal and daytime variability in multiple immune parameters in 329,261 participants in UK Biobank and test for associations with a wide range of environmental and lifestyle factors, including changes in day length, outdoor temperature and vitamin D at the time the blood sample was collected. Seasonal patterns were evident in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, and C-reactive protein CRP, but not monocytes, and these were independent of lifestyle, demographic, and environmental factors. All the immune parameters assessed demonstrated significant daytime variation that was independent of confounding factors. At a population level, human immune parameters vary across season and across time of day, independent of multiple confounding factors. Both season and time of day are fundamental dimensions of immune function that should be considered in all studies of immuno-prophylaxis and disease transmission.
季节性疾病爆发是人类传染病的常年特征，但产生这些模式的因素尚不清楚。在此，我们调查了英国生物银行中329261名参与者多种免疫参数的季节性和日间变异性，并测试其与广泛的环境和生活方式因素的关联，包括采血时的日照时长变化、室外温度和维生素D。淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞计数以及C反应蛋白（CRP）呈现出明显的季节性模式，但单核细胞则没有，并且这些模式与生活方式、人口统计学和环境因素无关。所有评估的免疫参数都表现出与混杂因素无关的显著日间变化。在人群层面，人类免疫参数在季节和一天中的不同时间都会发生变化，且不受多种混杂因素的影响。季节和一天中的时间都是免疫功能的基本维度，在所有免疫预防和疾病传播研究中都应予以考虑。
