University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland.
Br J Nutr. 2022 Feb 28;127(4):599-606. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521001227. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Healthy Nordic diet has been beneficially associated with CHD risk factors, but few studies have investigated risk of developing CHD. We investigated the associations of healthy Nordic diet with major CHD risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis and incident CHD in middle-aged and older men from eastern Finland. A total of 1981 men aged 42-60 years and free of CHD at baseline in 1984-1989 were investigated. Diet was assessed with 4-d food recording and the healthy Nordic diet score was calculated based on the Baltic Sea Diet Score. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasonography of the common carotid artery intima-media thickness in 1053 men. ANCOVA and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used for analyses. Healthy Nordic diet score was associated with lower serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (multivariable-adjusted extreme-quartile difference 0·66 mg/l, 95 % CI 0·11, 1·21 mg/l) but not with serum lipid concentrations, blood pressure or carotid atherosclerosis. During the average follow-up of 21·6 years (sd 8·3 years), 407 men had a CHD event, of which 277 were fatal. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios in the lowest v. the highest quartile of the healthy Nordic diet score were 1·15 (95 % CI 0·87, 1·51) for any CHD event (Ptrend 0·361) and 1·44 (95 % CI 0·99, 2·08) (Ptrend 0·087) for fatal CHD event. We did not find evidence that adherence to a healthy Nordic diet would be associated with a lower risk of CHD or with carotid atherosclerosis or major CHD risk factors, except for an inverse association with serum CRP concentrations.
健康的北欧饮食与冠心病风险因素呈有益关联，但很少有研究调查其与冠心病发病风险的关系。我们研究了中年和老年芬兰东部男性中健康的北欧饮食与主要冠心病风险因素、颈动脉粥样硬化和冠心病发病的关系。共有 1981 名年龄在 42-60 岁且在 1984-1989 年基线时无冠心病的男性参与了这项研究。饮食通过 4 天的食物记录进行评估，并根据波罗的海饮食评分计算健康的北欧饮食评分。1053 名男性接受了颈总动脉内膜中层厚度的超声检查以评估颈动脉粥样硬化。采用协方差分析和 Cox 比例风险回归分析进行分析。健康的北欧饮食评分与较低的血清 C 反应蛋白（CRP）浓度相关（多变量调整后的极端四分位数差值为 0·66 mg/L，95 % CI 0·11，1·21 mg/L），但与血清脂质浓度、血压或颈动脉粥样硬化无关。在平均 21·6 年（标准差 8·3 年）的随访期间，407 名男性发生了冠心病事件，其中 277 例为致死性冠心病事件。最低与最高四分位的健康的北欧饮食评分的多变量调整后的危险比分别为任何冠心病事件的 1·15（95 % CI 0·87，1·51）（趋势检验 Ptrend 0·361）和致死性冠心病事件的 1·44（95 % CI 0·99，2·08）（趋势检验 Ptrend 0·087）。我们没有发现证据表明，坚持健康的北欧饮食与冠心病风险降低或颈动脉粥样硬化或主要冠心病风险因素降低相关，除了与血清 CRP 浓度呈负相关。
