利用定性和定量性状对竹豆（Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.）地方品种进行遗传分析和高产选择。

Genetic analysis and selection of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) landraces for high yield revealed by qualitative and quantitative traits.

机构信息

Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.

Department of Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 7;11(1):7597. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87039-8.

As a crop for the new millennium Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) considered as leading legumes in the tropical regions due to its versatile advantages. The main intent of this study was to find out the high yielding potential genotypes and considering these genotypes to develop pure lines for commercial cultivation in Malaysia. Considering the 14 qualitative and 27 quantitative traits of fifteen landraces the variation and genetic parameters namely, variability, heritability, genetic advance, characters association, and cluster matrix were determined. ANOVA revealed significant variation for all the agronomic traits (except plant height). Among the accessions, highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for almost all the traits excluding fifty percent flowering date, seed length, seed width. The 16 traits out of the 27 quantitative traits had a coefficient of variation (CV) ≥ 20%. A positive and intermediate to perfect highly significant association (r = 0.23 to 1.00; P < 0.00) was found between yield and its related traits. The trait dry seed weight per plant (g) had the highest GCV = 59.91% and PCV = 59.57% whereas the trait fresh pod weight (99.55%), dry seed weight (98.86%), and yield (98.10%) were highly heritable. The genetic advance recorded the highest for dry seed weight (122.01%) and lowest (3.97%) for plant height. To validate the genetic disparity, an unweighted pair-group produce with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap, and H'-index was performed considering 27 quantitative traits. The constructed dendrogram showed five distinct groups of accessions. Genotypes G2, G3, and G9 from Group IV consider as promising lines which gave 70.05% higher mean yield compared to grand mean yield (1180 kg ha) with desirable traits. Group II had a maximum number of accessions while group III and group V had one of each. However, findings declared that the availability of genetic variance will be beneficial for this crop improvement through cross breeding as well as the plant breeders to prefer desirable traits in V. subterranea L. Verdc. for further breeding purposes.

作为新世纪的作物，斑鸠窝（Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.）因其多功能优势而被认为是热带地区的主要豆类作物。本研究的主要目的是找出具有高产潜力的基因型，并考虑这些基因型来开发马来西亚商业种植的纯系。考虑到 15 个地方品种的 14 个定性和 27 个定量性状，确定了变异和遗传参数，即变异性、遗传性、遗传进展、性状关联和聚类矩阵。方差分析表明，所有农艺性状（株高除外）均存在显著差异。在供试品种中，除 50%开花日期、种子长度和种子宽度外，几乎所有性状均存在极显著差异（P≤0.01）。27 个定量性状中有 16 个性状的变异系数（CV）≥20%。产量及其相关性状之间存在正相关，且关联程度较高（r=0.23 至 1.00；P<0.00）。植株干种子重（g）的变异系数最高（GCV=59.91%，PCV=59.57%），而鲜豆荚重（99.55%）、干种子重（98.86%）和产量（98.10%）的遗传力较高。遗传进展记录的最高值为干种子重（122.01%），最低值为株高（3.97%）。为了验证遗传差异，基于 27 个定量性状，进行了非加权成对组平均法（UPGMA）、主成分分析（PCA）、热图和 H'-指数分析。构建的聚类树状图显示了 5 个不同的品种群。第四组的基因型 G2、G3 和 G9 被认为是有前途的品系，与总体均值（1180 公斤/公顷）相比，它们的平均产量高出 70.05%，同时具有理想的性状。第二组的品种最多，而第三组和第五组各有一个品种。然而，研究结果表明，遗传方差的存在将有利于通过杂交育种以及植物育种者在斑鸠窝中选择理想性状来进一步提高作物产量。