Collins Robert N, Mandel David R, Schywiola Sarah S
Toronto Research Centre, Defence Research and Development Canada, Department of National Defence, Government of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 23;12:607639. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607639. eCollection 2021.
Research suggests political identity has strong influence over individuals' attitudes and beliefs, which in turn can affect their behavior. Likewise, firsthand experience with an issue can also affect attitudes and beliefs. A large ( = 6,383) survey (Pew Research and Ipsos W64) of Americans was analyzed to investigate the effects of both political identity (i.e., Democrat or Republican) and personal impact (i.e., whether they suffered job or income loss) on individuals' reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that political identity and personal impact influenced the American public's attitudes about and response to COVID-19. Consistent with prior research, political identity exerted a strong influence on self-reports of emotional distress, threat perception, discomfort with exposure, support for restrictions, and perception of under/overreaction by individuals and institutions. The difference between Democrats and Republican responses were consistent with their normative value differences and with the contemporary partisan messaging. Personal impact exerted a comparatively weaker influence on reported emotional distress and threat perception. Both factors had a weak influence on appraisal of individual and government responses. The dominating influence of political identity carried over into the bivariate relations among these self-reported attitudes and responses. In particular, the appraisal of government response divided along party lines, tied to opposing views of whether there has been over- or under-reaction to the pandemic. The dominance of political identity has important implications for crisis management and reflects the influence of normative value differences between the parties, partisan messaging on the pandemic, and polarization in American politics.
研究表明，政治身份对个人的态度和信念有强烈影响，而这反过来又会影响他们的行为。同样，对某一问题的亲身经历也会影响态度和信念。对一项针对美国人的大规模（=6383人）调查（皮尤研究中心和益普索W64）进行了分析，以调查政治身份（即民主党人或共和党人）和个人影响（即他们是否遭受工作或收入损失）对个人对新冠疫情反应的影响。结果表明，政治身份和个人影响影响了美国公众对新冠疫情的态度和应对方式。与先前的研究一致，政治身份对情绪困扰、威胁感知、对接触的不适感、对限制措施的支持以及个人和机构对反应过度/不足的感知等自我报告产生了强烈影响。民主党人和共和党人反应的差异与他们的规范价值差异以及当代党派信息一致。个人影响对报告的情绪困扰和威胁感知的影响相对较弱。这两个因素对个人和政府反应的评估影响较小。政治身份的主导影响延续到了这些自我报告的态度和反应之间的二元关系中。特别是，对政府反应的评估按党派划分，与对疫情反应过度或不足的相反观点相关。政治身份的主导地位对危机管理具有重要意义，反映了两党之间规范价值差异、关于疫情的党派信息以及美国政治中的两极分化的影响。
