Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, School of Environment, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, School of Environment, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 15;782:146806. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146806. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
We spend more than half of our daily time in indoor environments, and the contributions of phthalates present in it to total exposure are important. Here, we determined phthalate concentrations in paired indoor settled dust/air and their metabolites in human urine from 100 general families in south China to explore such kind of effect. The total concentrations of phthalates/metabolites were 48.7-2850 μg/g, 279-5080 ng/m and 10.7-2840 ng/mL in the indoor dust, air and urine samples, respectively. Among all targets, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and their metabolites were the predominant compounds. The daily intakes (DIs) of phthalates via dust or air decreased with age, except for infant, and the values of dust ingestion, air inhalation and air dermal uptake were 2720 ± 2460, 1300 ± 973 and 3590 ± 2890 ng/kg/day for toddlers and 236 ± 194, 360 ± 179 and 1120 ± 586 ng/kg/day for adults, respectively. The ratios of DIs from air to dust were greater than 1.0 for people in all age groups, and the ratio was the highest for adults. Furthermore, the contributions of phthalates from indoor dust and air to total DIs from all sources (estimated from urinary phthalate metabolites) were 0.60%-5.23% and 2.65%-12.2% for different ages, respectively. Our results indicated that indoor air was a quite important source for human exposure to phthalates in indoor environment in south China.
我们每天有超过一半的时间在室内环境中度过，室内环境中存在的邻苯二甲酸酯对人体总暴露量的贡献非常重要。在这里，我们从中国南方的 100 个普通家庭中确定了室内沉降灰尘/空气和尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯浓度及其代谢物，以探索这种影响。室内灰尘、空气和尿液样本中邻苯二甲酸酯/代谢物的总浓度分别为 48.7-2850μg/g、279-5080ng/m 和 10.7-2840ng/ml。在所研究的所有目标化合物中，二正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯、二异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯和二（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯及其代谢物是主要的化合物。通过灰尘或空气摄入的邻苯二甲酸酯的每日摄入量（DIs）随年龄的增长而降低，但婴儿除外，幼儿的灰尘摄入、空气吸入和空气皮肤吸收值分别为 2720±2460、1300±973 和 3590±2890ng/kg/d，而成年人的值分别为 236±194、360±179 和 1120±586ng/kg/d。所有年龄段人群的空气 DIs 与灰尘 DIs 的比值均大于 1.0，而成年人的比值最高。此外，室内灰尘和空气来源的邻苯二甲酸酯对所有来源（根据尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物估计）的 DIs 的贡献率分别为 0.60%-5.23%和 2.65%-12.2%，具体取决于年龄。我们的研究结果表明，在中国南方，室内空气是人体在室内环境中接触邻苯二甲酸酯的一个相当重要的来源。
