Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Jun 7;31(6):1702-1713. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.007. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Total fruit consumption is important for cardiovascular disease prevention, but also the variety and form in which is consumed. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between total fruit, subgroups of fruits based on their color and fruit juices consumption with different cardiometabolic parameters.
A total of 6633 elderly participants (aged 55-75 years) with metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study were included in this analysis. Fruit and fruit juice consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between exposure variables (total fruit, subgroups based on the color, and fruit juices) and different cardiometabolic risk factors. Individuals in the highest category of total fruit consumption (≥3 servings/d) had lower waist circumference (WC) (β = -1.04 cm; 95%CI:-1.81, -0.26), fasting glucose levels (β = -2.41 mg/dL; 95%CI(-4.19, -0.63) and LDL-cholesterol (β = -4.11 mg/dL; 95%CI:-6.93, -1.36), but, unexpectedly, higher systolic blood pressure (BP) (β = 1.84 mmHg; 95%CI: 0.37, 3.30) and diastolic BP (β = 1.69 mmHg; 95%CI:0.83, 2.56) when compared to those in the lowest category of consumption (<1 servings/d). Participants consuming ≥1 serving/day of total fruit juice had lower WC (β = -0.92 cm; 95%CI:-1.56, -0.27) and glucose levels (β = -1.59 mg/dL; 95%CI:-2.95, -0.23) than those consuming <1 serving/month. The associations with cardiometabolic risk factors differed according to the color of fruits.
Fruit consumption is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in Mediterranean elders with metabolic syndrome. The associations regarding BP levels could be attributed, at least partially, to reverse causality bias inherent to the cross-sectional design of the study.
总水果摄入量对预防心血管疾病很重要，但水果的种类和食用形式也很重要。本研究的目的是评估总水果摄入量以及基于颜色分类的不同水果摄入量与各种心血管代谢参数之间的关系。
本研究共纳入了 6633 名代谢综合征的老年参与者（年龄 55-75 岁），这些参与者来自 PREDIMED-Plus 研究。使用食物频率问卷评估水果和果汁的摄入量。使用线性回归模型评估暴露变量（总水果摄入量、基于颜色的亚组和果汁）与不同心血管代谢危险因素之间的关系。总水果摄入量最高组（≥3 份/天）的腰围（WC）较小（β=-1.04cm；95%CI：-1.81，-0.26），空腹血糖水平较低（β=-2.41mg/dL；95%CI：-4.19，-0.63）和 LDL 胆固醇（β=-4.11mg/dL；95%CI：-6.93，-1.36），但出乎意料的是，收缩压（β=1.84mmHg；95%CI：0.37，3.30）和舒张压（β=1.69mmHg；95%CI：0.83，2.56）较高。与最低摄入量组（<1 份/天）相比。与每月食用<1 份总果汁相比，每天食用≥1 份总果汁的参与者的 WC（β=-0.92cm；95%CI：-1.56，-0.27）和血糖水平（β=-1.59mg/dL；95%CI：-2.95，-0.23）较低。与心血管代谢危险因素的关联因水果颜色而异。
在患有代谢综合征的地中海老年人中，水果的摄入量与多种心血管代谢危险因素有关。与血压水平的关联至少部分归因于研究的横断面设计固有的反向因果关系偏见。
