Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, Israel.
Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
Planta. 2021 Apr 12;253(5):97. doi: 10.1007/s00425-021-03616-1.
New transgenic and biotechnological approaches may serve as a key component in achieving crop resistance to root parasitic weeds. Root parasitic weeds inflict severe damage to numerous crops, reducing yield quantity and quality. A lack of new sources of resistance limits our ability to manage newly developing, more virulent races. Having no effective means to control the parasites in most crops, innovative biotechnological solutions are needed. Several novel biotechnological strategies using regulatory RNA molecules, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and T-DNA insertions have been acknowledged for engineering resistance against parasitic weeds. Significant breakthroughs have been made over the years in deciphering the plant genome and its functions, including the genomes of parasitic weeds. However, the basis of biotechnological strategies to generate host resistance to root parasitic weeds needs to be further developed. Gene-silencing and editing tools should be used to target key processes of host-parasite interactions, such as strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling, haustorium development, and degradation and penetration of the host cell wall. In this review, we summarize and discuss the main areas of research leading to the discovery and functional analysis of genes involved in host-induced gene silencing that target key parasite genes, transgenic host modification, and host gene editing to generate sustainable resistance to root parasitic weeds.
新的转基因和生物技术方法可以成为实现作物抗根寄生杂草的关键组成部分。根寄生杂草会严重损害许多作物，降低产量和质量。缺乏新的抗性来源限制了我们管理新出现的、更具毒性的杂草的能力。由于大多数作物缺乏控制寄生虫的有效手段，因此需要创新的生物技术解决方案。已经承认了几种使用调节 RNA 分子、CRISPR/Cas9 系统和 T-DNA 插入的新型生物技术策略来对抗寄生杂草。多年来，在破译植物基因组及其功能方面取得了重大突破，包括寄生杂草的基因组。然而，需要进一步开发产生宿主对根寄生杂草抗性的生物技术策略的基础。应该使用基因沉默和编辑工具来靶向宿主-寄生虫相互作用的关键过程，例如独脚金内酯的生物合成和信号转导、吸器的发育以及宿主细胞壁的降解和穿透。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了导致发现和功能分析参与宿主诱导基因沉默的基因的主要研究领域，这些基因针对关键寄生虫基因、转基因宿主修饰和宿主基因编辑，以产生对根寄生杂草的可持续抗性。
