Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Asklepios Clinic North, Hamburg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 12;11(1):7861. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87198-8.
Although awareness of side effects over the course of psychotherapy is growing, side effects are still not always reported. The purpose of the present study was to examine side effects in a randomized controlled trial comparing Metacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) and a cognitive remediation training in patients with depression. 84 patients were randomized to receive either D-MCT or cognitive remediation training (MyBrainTraining) for 8 weeks. Side effects were assessed after the completion of each intervention (post) using the Short Inventory of the Assessment of Negative Effects (SIAN) and again 6 months later (follow-up) using the Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ). D-MCT and MyBrainTraining did not differ significantly in the number of side effects. At post assessment, 50% of the D-MCT group and 59% of the MyBrainTraining group reported at least one side effect in the SIAN. The most frequently reported side effect was disappointment in subjective benefit of study treatment. At follow-up, 52% reported at least one side effect related to MyBrainTraining, while 34% reported at least one side effect related to the D-MCT in the NEQ. The most frequently reported side effects fell into the categories of "symptoms" and "quality". Our NEQ version was missing one item due to a technical error. Also, allegiance effects should be considered. The sample size resulted in low statistical power. The relatively tolerable number of side effects suggests D-MCT and MyBrainTraining are safe and well-received treatment options for people with depression. Future studies should also measure negative effects to corroborate our results.
尽管人们对心理治疗过程中的副作用的认识不断提高，但副作用仍未得到全面报告。本研究的目的是在一项比较抑郁的元认知训练（D-MCT）和认知矫正训练的随机对照试验中，研究副作用。84 名患者被随机分配接受 D-MCT 或认知矫正训练（MyBrainTraining）8 周。在每次干预结束后（后）使用负面效应短量表（SIAN）和 6 个月后（随访）使用负面效应问卷（NEQ）评估副作用。D-MCT 和 MyBrainTraining 在副作用数量上没有显著差异。在后测评估中，D-MCT 组的 50%和 MyBrainTraining 组的 59%报告了 SIAN 中至少有一种副作用。最常报告的副作用是对研究治疗主观获益的失望。在随访中，52%报告了与 MyBrainTraining 相关的至少一种副作用，而 34%在 NEQ 中报告了与 D-MCT 相关的至少一种副作用。最常报告的副作用属于“症状”和“质量”类别。由于技术错误，我们的 NEQ 版本缺少一个项目。此外，还应考虑忠诚效应。样本量导致统计能力较低。相对可容忍的副作用数量表明，D-MCT 和 MyBrainTraining 是安全且深受抑郁症患者欢迎的治疗选择。未来的研究还应测量负面效应，以证实我们的结果。
