北佛蒙特州居民在应对 COVID-19 大流行期间戴口罩的情况。
Prevalence of Face Mask Wearing in Northern Vermont in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.
机构信息
173139 Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 2021 Jul-Aug;136(4):451-456. doi: 10.1177/00333549211009496. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
OBJECTIVES
Information on the prevalence of face mask use to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is needed to model disease spread and to assess the effectiveness of policies that encourage face mask use. We sought to (1) estimate the prevalence of face mask use in northern Vermont and (2) assess the effect of age and sex on the likelihood of face mask use.
METHODS
We monitored the entrances to public businesses and visually assessed age, sex, and face mask use. We collected 1004 observations during May 16-30, 2020. We calculated estimates of overall face mask use and odds ratios (ORs) for effects by age and sex.
RESULTS
Of 1004 observations, 758 (75.5%) sampled people used a face mask. Our census-weighted estimate was 74.1%. A higher percentage of females than males wore face masks (83.8% vs 67.6%). The odds of face mask use were lower among males than among females (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73). Face mask use generally decreased with decreasing age: 91.4% among adults aged >60, 70.7% among adults aged 26-60, 74.8% among people aged 15-25, and 53.3% among people aged ≤14. The OR of an adult aged >60 wearing a face mask was 14.70 times higher, for young people aged 15-25 was 2.72 times higher, and for adults aged 26-60 was 2.99 times higher than for people aged ≤14. Females aged >60 had the highest percentage of face mask use (96.3%) and males aged ≤14 had the lowest (43.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Educational efforts promoting the use of face masks should be targeted at males and younger age groups to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
目的
需要了解口罩使用以减少 SARS-CoV-2 传播的流行情况，以便对疾病传播进行建模并评估鼓励口罩使用的政策的有效性。我们旨在（1）估计佛蒙特州北部口罩的使用频率，（2）评估年龄和性别对面罩使用概率的影响。
方法
我们监测了公共企业的入口，并通过视觉评估了年龄、性别和口罩使用情况。我们于 2020 年 5 月 16 日至 30 日期间收集了 1004 次观察结果。我们计算了总体口罩使用情况的估计值以及年龄和性别对影响的比值比（OR）。
结果
在 1004 次观察中，有 758 次（75.5%）采样的人使用了口罩。我们的人口普查加权估计值为 74.1%。女性佩戴口罩的比例（83.8%）高于男性（67.6%）。与女性相比，男性佩戴口罩的几率较低（OR=0.52；95%CI，0.37-0.73）。随着年龄的降低，口罩的使用频率普遍降低：年龄>60 岁的成年人中为 91.4%，年龄为 26-60 岁的成年人中为 70.7%，年龄为 15-25 岁的人中为 74.8%，年龄≤14 岁的人中为 53.3%。年龄>60 岁的成年人佩戴口罩的 OR 是年龄≤14 岁的人的 14.70 倍，年龄为 15-25 岁的人的 OR 是年龄≤14 岁的人的 2.72 倍，年龄为 26-60 岁的成年人的 OR 是年龄≤14 岁的人的 2.99 倍。年龄>60 岁的女性佩戴口罩的比例最高（96.3%），而年龄≤14 岁的男性佩戴口罩的比例最低（43.8%）。
结论
为了限制 SARS-CoV-2 的传播，应针对男性和年轻人群体开展教育工作，以促进口罩的使用。
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