蛋白质来源和质量对年轻和老年成年人骨骼肌合成代谢的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。

Protein Source and Quality for Skeletal Muscle Anabolism in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

机构信息

School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2021 Jul 1;151(7):1901-1920. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab055.

BACKGROUND

There is much debate regarding the source/quality of dietary proteins in supporting indices of skeletal muscle anabolism.

OBJECTIVE

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of protein source/quality on acute muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and changes in lean body mass (LBM) and strength, when combined with resistance exercise (RE).

METHODS

A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify studies that compared the effects of ≥2 dose-matched, predominantly isolated protein sources of varying "quality." Three separate models were employed as follows: 1) protein feeding alone on MPS, 2) protein feeding combined with a bout of RE on MPS, and 3) protein feeding combined with longer-term resistance exercise training (RET) on LBM and strength. Further subgroup analyses were performed to compare the effects of protein source/quality between young and older adults. A total of 27 studies in young (18-35 y) and older (≥60 y) adults were included.

RESULTS

Analysis revealed an effect favoring higher-quality protein for postprandial MPS at rest [mean difference (MD): 0.014%/h; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.021; P < 0.001] and following RE (MD: 0.022%/h; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.030; P < 0.00001) in young (model 1: 0.016%/h; 95% CI: -0.004, 0.036; P = 0.12; model 2: 0.030%/h; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.045; P < 0.0001) and older (model 1: 0.012%/h; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.018; P < 0.001; model 2: 0.014%/h; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.021; P < 0.001) adults. However, although higher protein quality was associated with superior strength gains with RET [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.24 kg; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.45; P = 0.03)], no effect was observed on changes to LBM (SMD: 0.05 kg; 95% CI: -0.16, 0.25; P = 0.65).

CONCLUSIONS

The current review suggests that protein quality may provide a small but significant impact on indices of muscle protein anabolism in young and older adults. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the importance of protein source/quality on musculoskeletal aging, particularly in situations of low protein intake.

背景

关于支持骨骼肌合成代谢的饮食蛋白质的来源/质量存在很多争议。

目的

我们进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以确定蛋白质来源/质量对急性肌肉蛋白质合成（MPS）以及瘦体重（LBM）和力量变化的影响，当与阻力运动（RE）结合时。

方法

系统地搜索文献，以确定比较不同“质量”的两种以上剂量匹配的主要分离蛋白质来源的效果的研究。采用了三种不同的模型，如下所示：1）蛋白质单独喂养对 MPS 的影响，2）蛋白质喂养结合 RE 对 MPS 的影响，3）蛋白质喂养结合长期抗阻运动训练（RET）对 LBM 和力量的影响。还进行了亚组分析，以比较年轻人和老年人之间蛋白质来源/质量的影响。共纳入了 27 项针对年轻人（18-35 岁）和老年人（≥60 岁）的研究。

结果

分析显示，优质蛋白质在静息时（MD：0.014%/h；95%CI：0.006，0.021；P<0.001）和进行 RE 后（MD：0.022%/h；95%CI：0.014，0.030；P<0.00001）的餐后 MPS 更有利，在年轻人（模型 1：0.016%/h；95%CI：-0.004，0.036；P=0.12；模型 2：0.030%/h；95%CI：0.015，0.045；P<0.0001）和老年人（模型 1：0.012%/h；95%CI：0.006，0.018；P<0.001；模型 2：0.014%/h；95%CI：0.007，0.021；P<0.001）中均观察到这种效果。然而，尽管高蛋白质质量与 RET 后的力量增长有关（SMD：0.24kg；95%CI：0.02，0.45；P=0.03），但对 LBM 的变化没有影响（SMD：0.05kg；95%CI：-0.16，0.25；P=0.65）。