The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Pharmacol Res. 2021 Jul;169:105608. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105608. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
The past decade has seen many advancements in the development of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models in pharmaceutical sciences and industry. Specifically, organoids present a self-organising, self-renewing and more physiologically relevant model than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Liver organoids have been developed from a variety of cell sources, including stem cells, cell lines and primary cells. They have potential for modelling patient-specific disease and establishing personalised therapeutic approaches. Additionally, liver organoids have been used to test drug efficacy and toxicity. Herein we summarise cell sources for generating liver organoids, the advantages and limitations of each cell type, as well as the application of the organoids in modelling liver diseases. We focus on the use of liver organoids as tools for drug validation and toxicity assessment.
过去十年，医药科学和行业在三维（3D）体外模型的开发方面取得了许多进展。具体而言，类器官比传统的二维（2D）细胞培养更具有自我组织、自我更新和更接近生理的特性。肝类器官已从多种细胞来源开发出来，包括干细胞、细胞系和原代细胞。它们具有模拟患者特异性疾病和建立个体化治疗方法的潜力。此外，肝类器官已被用于测试药物的疗效和毒性。本文总结了生成肝类器官的细胞来源，每种细胞类型的优点和局限性，以及类器官在模拟肝脏疾病中的应用。我们重点介绍了肝类器官作为药物验证和毒性评估工具的应用。
