1. Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
2. Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.; 3. Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
Theranostics. 2016 Jun 15;6(9):1393-402. doi: 10.7150/thno.15122. eCollection 2016.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for over 90% of all pancreatic cancer. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer new opportunities for image-guided therapy owing to the unique physicochemical properties of the nanoscale effect and the multifunctional capabilities of NPs. However, major obstacles exist for NP-mediated cancer theranostics, especially in PDAC. The hypovascular nature of PDAC may impede the deposition of NPs into the tumor after systemic administration, and most NPs localize predominantly in the mononuclear phagocytic system, leading to a relatively poor tumor-to-surrounding-organ uptake ratio. Image guidance combined with minimally invasive interventional procedures may help circumvent these barriers to poor drug delivery of NPs in PDAC. Interventional treatments allow regional drug delivery, targeted vascular embolization, direct tumor ablation, and the possibility of disrupting the stromal barrier of PDAC. Interventional treatments also have potentially fewer complications, faster recovery, and lower cost compared with conventional therapies. This work is an overview of current image-guided interventional cancer nanotheranostics with specific attention given to their applications for the management of PDAC.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）占所有胰腺癌的 90%以上。由于纳米级效应的独特物理化学性质和 NPs 的多功能特性，纳米颗粒（NPs）为图像引导治疗提供了新的机会。然而，NP 介导的癌症治疗学存在主要障碍，特别是在 PDAC 中。PDAC 的血管稀少性可能会阻碍 NPs 在全身给药后沉积到肿瘤中，并且大多数 NPs 主要定位于单核吞噬细胞系统，导致相对较差的肿瘤与周围器官摄取比。图像引导与微创介入程序相结合，可能有助于克服 NP 在 PDAC 中药物递送不良的这些障碍。介入治疗允许区域性药物递送、靶向血管栓塞、直接肿瘤消融以及破坏 PDAC 基质屏障的可能性。与传统疗法相比，介入治疗的并发症更少、恢复更快、成本更低。这项工作概述了当前的图像引导介入癌症纳米治疗学，特别关注它们在 PDAC 管理中的应用。
